Introduction:

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a type of abnormal heart rhythm characterized by a rapid and regular heartbeat originating from the upper chambers of the heart. This article provides a comprehensive overview of supraventricular tachycardia, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.

Understanding Supraventricular Tachycardia:

• Definition: Supraventricular tachycardia refers to an abnormally fast heart rate originating from above the ventricles, typically from the atria or the atrioventricular (AV) node.
• Rapid Heart Rate: During SVT, the heart rate can exceed 100 beats per minute, often reaching 150 to 250 beats per minute.

Causes of Supraventricular Tachycardia:

• Abnormal Electrical Pathways: SVT can occur due to abnormal electrical pathways in the heart, such as accessory pathways or abnormal AV node conduction.
• Triggering Factors: Certain factors, such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, or certain medications, may trigger episodes of SVT in susceptible individuals.
• Underlying Heart Conditions: Structural heart abnormalities, such as congenital heart defects, heart valve disorders, or previous heart surgeries, can increase the risk of SVT.

Symptoms of Supraventricular Tachycardia:

• Rapid Heartbeat: The primary symptom of SVT is a noticeably rapid and regular heartbeat, often described as palpitations.
• Chest Discomfort: Some individuals may experience chest discomfort, tightness, or a feeling of the heart pounding in the chest.
• Shortness of Breath: SVT can cause shortness of breath, especially during physical activity or episodes of rapid heart rate.
• Dizziness or Fainting: In severe cases or prolonged episodes, dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting may occur.

Diagnosis and Evaluation:

• Medical History and Physical Examination: A healthcare professional will review the individual's medical history, assess symptoms, and perform a physical examination, including evaluation of the pulse rate and rhythm.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG): An ECG records the electrical activity of the heart and can help diagnose SVT by identifying characteristic patterns during episodes.
• Holter Monitor: A Holter monitor is a portable device that records the heart's electrical activity continuously over a 24-hour period or longer, providing more extended monitoring to capture SVT episodes.

Treatment Options for Supraventricular Tachycardia:

• Vagal Maneuvers: Certain physical maneuvers, such as holding the breath, bearing down as if having a bowel movement, or placing the face in cold water, can help terminate mild SVT episodes.
• Medications: Antiarrhythmic medications may be prescribed to control the heart rate or rhythm and prevent future SVT episodes.
• Cardioversion: Electrical cardioversion may be performed in certain cases to restore a normal heart rhythm by delivering a controlled electric shock to the heart.
• Catheter Ablation: Catheter ablation is a procedure used to selectively destroy or isolate the abnormal electrical pathways responsible for SVT.
• Long-term Management: Lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding triggers (e.g., caffeine, alcohol), managing stress, and maintaining a healthy heart, are important for long-term management of SVT.

Conclusion:

Supraventricular tachycardia is a condition characterized by a rapid and regular heart rhythm originating from above the ventricles. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management are essential to control symptoms, prevent complications, and improve overall heart health. Treatment options range from vagal maneuvers and medications to procedures such as cardioversion or catheter ablation. Consultation with a cardiologist is crucial for accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment of supraventricular tachycardia.

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