Introduction:

Subconjunctival hemorrhage, also known as a broken blood vessel in the eye, is a common eye condition characterized by the sudden appearance of blood on the white part of the eye. This article provides an overview of subconjunctival hemorrhage, including its causes, symptoms, and treatment options.

Causes of Subconjunctival Hemorrhage:

Subconjunctival hemorrhage is typically caused by the rupture of tiny blood vessels beneath the conjunctiva, the clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye. Common causes include:

• Minor Eye Trauma: Eye rubbing, vigorous coughing, sneezing, or eye strain can cause blood vessels to break.
• High Blood Pressure: Uncontrolled high blood pressure can weaken blood vessel walls and lead to their rupture.
• Eye Surgery or Procedures: Certain eye surgeries or procedures, such as laser eye surgery or eye injections, can occasionally cause subconjunctival hemorrhage.
• Blood-Thinning Medications: Medications that thin the blood, such as aspirin or anticoagulants, can increase the risk of spontaneous bleeding.

Symptoms and Clinical Presentation:

The primary symptom of subconjunctival hemorrhage is the sudden appearance of bright red patches or streaks on the white part of the eye. Other characteristics include:

• No Pain or Vision Changes: Subconjunctival hemorrhage is typically painless and does not affect vision.
• Limited Discomfort: Some individuals may experience mild irritation or a sensation of something in the eye, which usually resolves on its own.

Diagnosis and Evaluation:

Subconjunctival hemorrhage is usually diagnosed through a comprehensive eye examination, including a review of medical history and a thorough examination of the eyes. Diagnostic steps may include:

• Visual Examination: The eye care professional will examine the affected eye using a slit lamp microscope to evaluate the extent and location of the hemorrhage.
• Medical History Review: Information about recent trauma, medical conditions, medications, and lifestyle factors may be considered to identify potential underlying causes.

Treatment and Management:

Subconjunctival hemorrhage typically does not require specific treatment, as it tends to resolve on its own within a week or two. However, certain measures can be taken to alleviate discomfort and promote healing:

• Applying a Warm Compress: Placing a warm compress gently against the affected eye can help reduce any associated irritation or discomfort.
• Avoiding Eye Irritants: Individuals should avoid activities that may further irritate the eye, such as rubbing or touching the affected area.
• Using Artificial Tears: Over-the-counter artificial tear drops can provide lubrication and soothe any mild dryness or irritation.

Prognosis and Follow-Up:

The prognosis for subconjunctival hemorrhage is generally excellent, with spontaneous resolution expected within a couple of weeks. However, individuals with recurrent or persistent subconjunctival hemorrhage or those with additional concerning symptoms should seek further evaluation from an eye care professional.

Conclusion:

Subconjunctival hemorrhage is a common and typically harmless eye condition characterized by the presence of blood on the white part of the eye. While it may appear concerning, it usually resolves on its own without any specific treatment. However, individuals experiencing recurrent or persistent subconjunctival hemorrhage or other concerning symptoms should consult an eye care professional for further evaluation.

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