Introduction:

Placenta increta is a less common but serious pregnancy complication where the placenta invades and attaches even more deeply into the uterine wall than in placenta accreta. This comprehensive guide provides insights into the causes, risk factors, diagnosis, and management of placenta increta.

Understanding Placenta Increta:

• Invasive Placental Attachment: Placenta increta is characterized by the placenta's invasion into the uterine muscle, making it more deeply embedded than in placenta accreta.

Causes and Risk Factors:

• Previous Uterine Surgery: Women with a history of uterine surgeries, including cesarean sections or myomectomies, are at an increased risk.
• Advanced Maternal Age: Older mothers have a higher likelihood of developing placenta increta.
• Placental Abnormalities: Conditions like placenta previa or placenta accreta can co-occur with placenta increta, compounding the risk.

Diagnosis and Screening:

• Ultrasound: High-resolution ultrasound is a key tool for diagnosing placenta increta. It is often performed during the second trimester to assess the placenta's attachment.
• MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used for a more detailed evaluation in complex cases.

Management and Treatment:

• Preemptive Delivery Planning: Due to the risk of severe bleeding during childbirth, a well-thought-out delivery plan is crucial. In most instances, a scheduled cesarean section and hysterectomy are recommended to minimize complications.
• Blood Transfusions: Managing potential hemorrhage may necessitate blood transfusions.
• Surgical Expertise: Skilled surgeons are essential for safely removing the deeply embedded placenta.
• Fertility Considerations: Since a hysterectomy is often performed, women should discuss fertility preservation options with their healthcare providers if desired.

Complications and Prognosis:

• Hemorrhage: Severe bleeding is a primary concern during childbirth, posing significant risks to both the mother and the newborn.
• Preterm Birth: Placenta increta commonly leads to preterm birth, which can result in complications for the infant.
• Long-Term Health: Post-delivery, ongoing medical care and monitoring may be necessary to address potential complications.

Conclusion:

Placenta increta is a complex and high-risk pregnancy condition that requires meticulous management and a specialized medical team. Early detection, comprehensive planning, and access to expert care are essential for ensuring the well-being of both the mother and the newborn. Expectant mothers with risk factors should collaborate closely with their healthcare providers to achieve the best possible outcome.

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