Introduction:

Perlèche, also known as angular cheilitis, is a common and often painful condition characterized by the inflammation and cracking of the corners of the mouth. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the causes, symptoms, treatment options, and preventive measures related to perlèche.

Understanding Perlèche:

Perlèche typically appears as red or swollen patches at the corners of the mouth, and it can be associated with discomfort, pain, and difficulty in opening the mouth widely. The condition can affect people of all ages but is more common in older adults.

Causes:

Perlèche can have various causes, including:

• Fungal Infection: Candida yeast, which naturally resides in the oral cavity, can overgrow in the corners of the mouth, leading to infection.
• Bacterial Infection: Bacterial infections, particularly Staphylococcus or Streptococcus, can contribute to perlèche.
• Excessive Saliva: Individuals with excessive drooling, a poorly fitting denture, or lip-licking habits may be more susceptible to perlèche.
• Nutritional Deficiencies: Deficiencies in certain vitamins, particularly B vitamins (riboflavin and niacin) and iron, can increase the risk.

Symptoms:

Perlèche is characterized by:

• Cracking and Redness: Painful cracks or fissures develop at the corners of the mouth, often accompanied by redness.
• Swelling: The affected area may become swollen and tender.
• Pain and Discomfort: Eating, drinking, and opening the mouth wide can be painful.
• Bleeding: In severe cases, the cracks may bleed.

Treatment:

Treatment for perlèche typically involves addressing the underlying cause and managing the symptoms. Here are common treatment approaches:

• Antifungal or Antibacterial Creams: Topical antifungal or antibacterial creams, as prescribed by a healthcare provider, can help clear infections.
• Topical Steroids: For cases with significant inflammation, topical steroid creams may be recommended by a healthcare provider.
• Lip Balm: Applying a soothing lip balm with ingredients like beeswax or petroleum jelly can help prevent moisture loss and protect the affected area.
• Nutritional Supplements: If nutritional deficiencies are contributing to perlèche, supplements may be prescribed.
• Dental Evaluation: If poor dental hygiene or ill-fitting dentures are factors, a dental evaluation is crucial to address these issues.
• Hydration: Staying well-hydrated and avoiding excessive lip licking can help.

Prevention:

To reduce the risk of developing perlèche:

• Oral Hygiene: Maintain good oral hygiene, including regular brushing and flossing.
• Lip Protection: Use a lip balm to prevent excessive moisture loss and lip chapping.
• Balanced Diet: Consume a well-balanced diet rich in essential vitamins and minerals.
• Addressing Denture Issues: Ensure that dentures fit properly and don't irritate the corners of the mouth.

Conclusion:

Perlèche, or angular cheilitis, can be uncomfortable and unsightly, but it's typically manageable and treatable. If you experience persistent cracking, redness, or discomfort at the corners of your mouth, consider seeking medical or dental advice to identify and address the underlying causes.

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