Introduction:

Glandular fever, commonly known as infectious mononucleosis or "mono," is a viral infection typically caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Primarily affecting teenagers and young adults, it's often characterized by symptoms like fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and fatigue. This article provides an overview of glandular fever, its transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

Understanding Glandular Fever:

Glandular fever is usually a self-limiting condition, meaning it resolves on its own. The Epstein-Barr virus, part of the herpes virus family, is the most common cause of this illness.

Transmission of Glandular Fever:

• Spread through saliva, which is why it's sometimes called the "kissing disease."
• Can also be transmitted through coughing, sneezing, or sharing drinks and utensils.
• The virus can be spread by an infected person for weeks before symptoms appear, and even after they disappear.

Symptoms of Glandular Fever:

Symptoms typically develop four to six weeks after exposure to the virus and can include:

• High fever.
• Sore throat, often severe and similar to strep throat.
• Swollen lymph nodes in the neck and armpits.
• Fatigue.
• Swollen tonsils.
• Headache.
• Soft, swollen spleen.

Diagnosing Glandular Fever:

Diagnosis generally involves:

• Review of medical history and symptoms.
• Physical examination, particularly checking for swollen lymph nodes, tonsils, and spleen.
• Blood tests, including a complete blood count (CBC) and a test for antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus.

Treatment for Glandular Fever:

There is no specific treatment for glandular fever. Management focuses on relieving symptoms:

• Rest to help the body fight off the virus.
• Hydration to maintain fluid levels.
• Over-the-counter pain relievers and fever reducers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen.
• Throat lozenges and gargles for sore throat relief.

Prevention of Glandular Fever:

Preventive measures include:

• Avoiding close contact with infected individuals.
• Not sharing personal items like utensils, glasses, or toothbrushes.
• Practicing good hygiene, such as regular handwashing.

Complications:

While rare, complications can include enlargement of the spleen, liver issues, and, in very few cases, neurological complications like meningitis or encephalitis.

Conclusion:

Glandular fever is a common viral infection among young adults, with symptoms that can significantly impact daily activities. While the infection typically resolves on its own, understanding its transmission, symptoms, and supportive care strategies can help manage the illness more effectively and ensure a smoother recovery.

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