Introduction:

Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a painful and restrictive condition that affects the shoulder joint's range of motion. This article provides a comprehensive overview of frozen shoulder, including its causes, symptoms, treatment options, and preventive measures.

Understanding Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis):

Frozen shoulder is a condition characterized by pain and stiffness in the shoulder joint. It occurs when the connective tissue surrounding the shoulder joint, called the shoulder capsule, thickens and tightens, restricting movement. This leads to a reduced range of motion and considerable discomfort.

Causes of Frozen Shoulder:

The exact cause of frozen shoulder is often unknown, but several factors can contribute to its development, including:

• Injury or Surgery: Previous shoulder injuries or surgeries can increase the risk.
• Medical Conditions: Conditions like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and thyroid disorders have been linked to frozen shoulder.
• Immobilization: Prolonged periods of immobility due to injury, illness, or surgery can trigger the condition.

Symptoms of Frozen Shoulder:

Frozen shoulder typically progresses through three stages, each with its own set of symptoms:

• Freezing Stage: Gradual onset of pain and stiffness; limited range of motion.
• Frozen Stage: Persistent pain, increased stiffness; limited movement in all directions.
• Thawing Stage: Gradual improvement in pain and range of motion.

Diagnosis and Evaluation:

Diagnosing frozen shoulder involves:

• Medical History: Discussion of symptoms and any underlying conditions.
• Physical Examination: Assessing shoulder mobility and range of motion.
• Imaging: X-rays or MRI scans may be used to rule out other shoulder problems.

Treatment Options:

Treatment for frozen shoulder aims to reduce pain and restore shoulder mobility. Options include:

• Physical Therapy: Targeted exercises to improve range of motion.
• Pain Medication: Over-the-counter or prescription pain relievers.
• Heat and Ice: Applying heat to reduce stiffness and ice to manage pain.
• Corticosteroid Injections: To reduce inflammation and pain.
• Home Exercises: Prescribed exercises to maintain mobility.
• Joint Distension: Injecting sterile water into the joint capsule to stretch it.
• Manipulation Under Anesthesia (MUA): A controlled procedure to break up adhesions.
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgical release of the joint capsule may be necessary.

Prevention and Outlook:

Preventing frozen shoulder involves early intervention and maintaining shoulder mobility through regular exercises. The outlook for individuals with frozen shoulder is generally positive, as most recover with appropriate treatment.

Conclusion:

Frozen shoulder, or adhesive capsulitis, is a painful and limiting condition that affects the shoulder joint's range of motion. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatment options is crucial for managing the condition effectively and regaining shoulder mobility.

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