Introduction:

Femoral neck fractures are common injuries that occur in the upper part of the thigh bone (femur) near the hip joint. These fractures can have significant implications for mobility and require prompt medical attention. This comprehensive article aims to provide a deeper understanding of femoral neck fractures by exploring their causes, types, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.

Causes of Femoral Neck Fractures:

Femoral neck fractures can result from various factors, including:

• Traumatic injury: High-energy trauma, such as a motor vehicle accident or a fall from a height, can cause a femoral neck fracture.
• Osteoporosis: Weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis increases the risk of sustaining a femoral neck fracture even with minimal trauma.

Types of Femoral Neck Fractures:

Femoral neck fractures can be classified into different types based on their location and severity:

• Intracapsular fractures: These fractures occur within the capsule of the hip joint and are further classified as displaced or non-displaced fractures.
• Subcapital fractures: The fracture line is located just below the head of the femur.
• Transcervical fractures: The fracture line extends across the neck of the femur.
• Basocervical fractures: The fracture line is located at the base of the femoral neck, close to the trochanteric region.

Symptoms of Femoral Neck Fractures:

The symptoms of a femoral neck fracture may include:

• Severe pain in the hip or groin area that worsens with movement or weight-bearing.
• Inability to bear weight on the affected leg.
• Shortening and external rotation of the leg.
• Swelling and bruising around the hip or thigh.

Diagnosis of Femoral Neck Fractures:

The diagnosis of a femoral neck fracture involves various imaging tests and physical examination:

• X-rays: X-ray images can reveal the presence and location of the fracture and help determine the type and displacement.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or Computed Tomography (CT) scan: These imaging studies provide detailed images of the fracture and aid in surgical planning.

Treatment Options for Femoral Neck Fractures:

Treatment options for femoral neck fractures depend on various factors, including the type of fracture, age of the patient, and overall health. Treatment options may include:

• Nonsurgical treatment: Non-displaced fractures may be managed with rest, limited weight-bearing, and the use of assistive devices such as crutches or walkers.
• Surgical intervention: Most femoral neck fractures require surgical intervention, which may involve internal fixation using screws, pins, or plates, or hip replacement surgery in certain cases.

Conclusion:

Femoral neck fractures are significant injuries that can have a substantial impact on an individual's mobility and quality of life. By understanding the causes, recognizing the symptoms, undergoing proper diagnosis, and exploring the available treatment options, individuals with femoral neck fractures can receive timely and appropriate interventions to promote healing, restore function, and regain their mobility.

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