Introduction:

Favus is a chronic and contagious fungal infection that primarily affects the scalp. It is caused by a specific fungus known as Trichophyton schoenleinii. Favus is characterized by the formation of yellowish crusts on the scalp, which can lead to hair loss and scarring if left untreated. This comprehensive article aims to provide a thorough understanding of favus, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.

Causes of Favus:

Favus is caused by the fungus Trichophyton schoenleinii. The infection is typically spread through direct contact with an infected individual or by sharing contaminated items, such as combs, hats, or towels. The fungus thrives in warm and humid environments, making crowded living conditions a risk factor for its spread.

Symptoms of Favus:

The primary symptom of favus is the development of characteristic yellowish crusts on the scalp, which are also known as scutula. These crusts can have a distinctive odor and are typically accompanied by symptoms such as:

• Itching and discomfort: The affected individual may experience itching and irritation of the scalp.
• Hair loss: Over time, favus can lead to hair loss in the affected areas.
• Scarring: If left untreated, favus can cause scarring and permanent damage to the scalp.

Diagnosis of Favus:

Favus is diagnosed through a combination of medical history assessment, physical examination, and laboratory tests. The diagnosis may involve:

• Medical history assessment: The healthcare provider will inquire about symptoms, the duration of the infection, and any potential exposure to an infected individual or contaminated items.
• Physical examination: A thorough examination of the scalp will be conducted to identify the characteristic yellowish crusts (scutula) and assess the extent of the infection.
• Microscopic examination: The healthcare provider may take a sample of the crusts or affected scalp tissue for microscopic examination. This helps identify the presence of the fungus and confirm the diagnosis.
• Fungal culture: A fungal culture may be performed to grow the fungus in a laboratory setting. This allows for further identification and determination of the specific fungus causing the infection.

Treatment of Favus:

The treatment of favus typically involves a combination of antifungal medications and supportive measures. Treatment options may include:

• Oral antifungal medications: Medications such as griseofulvin or terbinafine may be prescribed to eliminate the fungal infection from within the body.
• Topical antifungal creams or ointments: These medications are applied directly to the affected areas of the scalp to target the fungus and promote healing.
• Scalp hygiene: Maintaining good scalp hygiene, including regular washing and proper drying of the hair, can help prevent the spread of the infection.
• Environmental disinfection: Disinfecting personal items such as combs, hats, and towels, as well as treating the living environment, is crucial to prevent re-infection.

Prevention and Supportive Measures:

Preventing the spread of favus and supporting the healing process can be achieved through the following measures:

• Avoiding direct contact with infected individuals or sharing personal items.
• Educating individuals in crowded living conditions about the importance of personal hygiene and disinfection practices.
• Prompt treatment of any suspected cases to minimize the risk of spread and complications.

Conclusion:

Favus is a chronic and contagious fungal infection of the scalp. Understanding its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options is crucial for timely intervention and prevention of spread. With appropriate treatment and supportive measures, individuals affected by favus can achieve resolution of the infection and promote scalp health.

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