Introduction:

Corneal keloids, also known as corneal keloid scars or keloid keratitis, are rare and atypical corneal conditions characterized by excessive scarring on the cornea. Unlike typical keloids that form on the skin after injury, corneal keloids are unique fibrous overgrowths that can cause significant visual disturbances. In this comprehensive article, we explore the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and management of corneal keloids.

Understanding Corneal Keloids:

A keloid is an abnormal type of scar tissue that forms when the body's healing process goes awry, resulting in excessive collagen production. Corneal keloids occur specifically on the cornea, the transparent front part of the eye that covers the pupil and iris. The overgrowth of scar tissue can disrupt the normal curvature and transparency of the cornea, leading to vision impairment.

Causes of Corneal Keloids:

The exact cause of corneal keloids is not fully understood. However, some possible contributing factors include:

• Corneal Trauma: Injuries or surgical procedures on the cornea may trigger an abnormal healing response, leading to keloid formation.
• Inflammatory Conditions: Chronic inflammation of the cornea due to various conditions, such as infections or autoimmune disorders, might play a role in keloid development.
• Genetic Predisposition: Some individuals may be more genetically prone to developing keloids, including on the cornea.

Symptoms and Diagnosis:

Corneal keloids can lead to a range of symptoms, such as:

• Blurred or distorted vision: The abnormal corneal curvature can cause vision problems.
• Photophobia: Increased sensitivity to light due to irregular corneal surface.
• Eye irritation: The keloid may cause discomfort, redness, or foreign body sensation in the eye.

Diagnosing corneal keloids involves a comprehensive eye examination, including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, which allows the ophthalmologist to visualize the cornea's surface and assess any irregularities.

Management and Treatment:

The management of corneal keloids requires a customized approach based on the severity of the condition and its impact on vision. Some treatment options include:

• Topical Medications: In the early stages, corticosteroid eye drops or ointments might be prescribed to reduce inflammation and slow down keloid growth.
• Surgical Excision: In cases where the keloid significantly affects vision or causes severe discomfort, surgical removal of the keloid may be considered. However, recurrence after excision is a possibility.
• Laser Therapy: Laser treatment can be utilized to reduce the size of the keloid and improve corneal shape and transparency.
• Amniotic Membrane Transplantation: This procedure involves placing a thin layer of amniotic membrane over the cornea to promote healing and reduce inflammation.

Conclusion:

Corneal keloids are rare but significant corneal conditions that can lead to visual impairment and discomfort. Early diagnosis and prompt management are crucial to prevent further vision deterioration. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the condition and its impact on visual function. Individuals experiencing symptoms related to their cornea should seek immediate evaluation by an eye care professional to determine if corneal keloids or other corneal conditions are the underlying cause.

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