Introduction:

Bladder post-void residual volume (PVR) refers to the amount of urine left in the bladder after urination. This is an important measurement used to assess bladder function and diagnose urinary tract disorders. In this article, we will discuss the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for bladder post-void residual volume.

Causes:

Bladder PVR can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Bladder outlet obstruction
• Neurogenic bladder
• Weak bladder muscles
• Prostate enlargement
• Urethral stricture
• Bladder stones
• Bladder cancer

Symptoms:

Symptoms of bladder PVR may include:

• Difficulty starting urination
• Weak urine stream
• Urinary frequency
• Urgency
• Urinary incontinence

Diagnosis:

Bladder PVR can be diagnosed through several tests, including:

• Ultrasound
• Catheterization
• Uroflowmetry

Treatment:

Treatment options for bladder PVR depend on the underlying cause and may include:

• Medications to relax the bladder muscles
• Surgery to remove bladder obstruction
• Urethral dilation or stent placement
• Bladder training exercises
• Behavioral modifications, such as scheduled voiding

Prevention:

Preventing bladder PVR may not always be possible, but some measures that may help include:

• Drinking plenty of fluids
• Urinating regularly
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Treating underlying medical conditions, such as diabetes or prostate enlargement

Conclusion:

Bladder post-void residual volume is a common condition that can be caused by various factors. If you are experiencing symptoms of bladder PVR, it is important to see a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment. Preventative measures, such as maintaining a healthy lifestyle and treating underlying medical conditions, may also help reduce the risk of developing bladder PVR.

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