Introduction:

Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) is a type of heart arrhythmia that occurs due to an abnormal electrical circuit in the heart's atrioventricular (AV) node. In this article, we will define AVNRT, discuss its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.

Definition:

AVNRT is a type of heart arrhythmia that occurs when there is an abnormal electrical circuit in the AV node, causing the heart to beat faster than normal. It is a type of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), which is a group of arrhythmias that originate in the atria or AV node.

Causes:

The exact cause of AVNRT is not always known, but it is believed to be due to an abnormality in the heart's electrical system. Factors that can contribute to the development of AVNRT include:

• Abnormalities in the heart's electrical pathways
• Congenital heart defects
• Stimulants such as caffeine or nicotine
• Medications that affect the heart's electrical signals
• Emotional stress or anxiety

Symptoms:

The symptoms of AVNRT can vary from person to person, but may include:

• Rapid heart rate
• Palpitations or fluttering sensation in the chest
• Shortness of breath
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Chest discomfort or pain

Diagnosis:

Diagnosis of AVNRT may involve a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, and Holter monitor. An electrophysiology study may also be performed to determine the location and severity of the arrhythmia.

Treatment:

The treatment for AVNRT depends on the severity of the arrhythmia and the frequency and severity of symptoms. Treatment options may include:

• Vagal maneuvers to slow the heart rate
• Medications such as beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, or antiarrhythmic drugs
• Catheter ablation to destroy the abnormal electrical pathway in the AV node
• Surgery in rare cases

Conclusion:

AVNRT is a type of heart arrhythmia that occurs due to an abnormal electrical circuit in the heart's AV node. It can cause a rapid heart rate and other symptoms but can be effectively treated with medications or procedures such as catheter ablation.

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