Introduction:

Acute catarrhal fever, also known as shipping fever, is a contagious respiratory disease affecting cattle, sheep, and other livestock. This comprehensive article aims to provide a detailed understanding of acute catarrhal fever, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.

Causes of Acute Catarrhal Fever:

Acute catarrhal fever is primarily caused by the Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV), although other viral and bacterial pathogens can contribute to the disease. Stress factors such as transportation, overcrowding, and abrupt environmental changes can trigger outbreaks.

Symptoms of Acute Catarrhal Fever:

Common symptoms of acute catarrhal fever in cattle and sheep include:

• Nasal Discharge: Profuse discharge from the nose, often thick and mucous-like.
• Cough: Frequent and severe coughing.
• Fever: Elevated body temperature, sometimes exceeding 105°F (40.5°C).
• Respiratory Distress: Labored breathing and increased respiratory rate.
• Loss of Appetite: Reduced feed intake and subsequent weight loss.
• Lethargy: Affected animals appear weak and listless.

Diagnosis and Evaluation:

Diagnosing acute catarrhal fever typically involves:

• Clinical Signs: A veterinarian assesses the symptoms, such as cough, nasal discharge, and fever.
• Laboratory Tests: Nasal swabs and blood samples can confirm the presence of the BRSV or other pathogens.
• Post-mortem Examination: In severe cases, a necropsy can reveal lung lesions and confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment Options:

Treatment of acute catarrhal fever involves supportive care and management:

• Antibiotics: To prevent secondary bacterial infections.
• Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): For reducing fever and relieving pain.
• Fluid Therapy: Intravenous or oral fluids to maintain hydration.
• Isolation: Infected animals should be separated from healthy ones to prevent the disease from spreading.

Preventive Measures:

Preventing acute catarrhal fever involves:

• Vaccination: Vaccinating livestock against BRSV and other relevant pathogens.
• Stress Management: Minimizing stress factors during transportation and handling.
• Biosecurity Measures: Implementing strict biosecurity protocols on farms to prevent the introduction of the virus.

Conclusion:

Acute catarrhal fever is a contagious respiratory disease with significant economic implications for livestock farming. Understanding its causes, recognizing its symptoms, and adopting preventive measures are essential for managing and controlling this disease in cattle and sheep.

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