What is Thiazide Overdose?

• Thiazide is a type of diuretic (or water pill) that is used in treating increased blood pressure. It also helps treat edema i.e., reduce accumulation of fluid in the body, caused by certain heart and kidney conditions
• Thiazide Overdose is the accidental or intentional intake of the drug in dosage higher than prescribed values
• The condition is diagnosed based upon the clinical history, combination of signs and symptoms, and additional tests (that may include, in some cases, radiological studies and laboratory tests)

What are the Causes of Thiazide Overdose?

• Thiazide Overdose is caused by the intake of Thiazide containing drug in dosage that is higher than prescribed
• This intake could be accidental, or in some cases intentional, to bring self-harm
• The drug is is sold as Bendroflumethiazide (Naturetin), Benzthiazide (Exna), Chlorothiazide (Diuril, Diurigen), Chlorthalidone (Thalitone, Hygroton), Hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrix, HydroDiuril, Hydro-Par, Oretic), Hydroflumethiazide (Diucardin, Saluron), Indapamide (Lozol), Methyclothiazide (Enduron, Aquatensen), Metolazone (Zaroxolyn, Diulo), Polythiazide (Renese), Quinethazone (Hydromox), and Trichlormethiazide (Metahydrin, Naqua, Diurese) among others

Note: The drug can interact with other prescribed or non-prescribed medications in the body. Such interactions may enhance the therapeutic effects of the drug or other medications being taken, resulting in undesired side effects (such as an overdose).

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Thiazide Overdose?

The signs and symptoms of Thiazide Overdose can vary from one individual to another. It may be mild in some and severe in others. Several systems of the body may be affected.

The signs and symptoms of Thiazide Overdose may include:

• Increased urination, passing pale urine
• Nausea, vomiting
• Fever
• Dry mouth
• Decreased blood pressure (hypotension)
• Reduced breathing rate
• Lethargy and weakness
• Confusion and increased nervousness
• Feeling faint
• Muscle twitching, cramping
• Seizures
• Skin rashes, sensitivity of skin to sun
• Vision abnormalities
• Coma

How is First Aid administered for Thiazide Overdose?

First Aid tips for Thiazide Overdose:

• If the individual with Thiazide Overdose is in a coma, or is experiencing life-threatening symptoms, call 911 (or your local emergency help number) immediately
• Call the Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222 (or your local poison control center) for further instructions
• Provide them with information such as dosage, type of drug taken, strength and time of ingestion of medication, age, weight and general health status of affected individual
• Confirm that the airways are protected; also, ensure breathing and the presence of pulse
• Unless instructed by a healthcare professional, DO NOT induce vomiting in the affected individual
• Take individual to emergency room (ER) for further treatment
• Always try to take the medication strip/bottle/container to the ER

The emergency medical health professional might perform the following steps towards treating the condition:

• Medically manage symptoms, such as abnormal heart rate and seizures
• Provide breathing support, if necessary
• Administer activated charcoal to avoid absorbance of drug in the body
• Administer laxatives for elimination of drug from the body
• Administer fluids by an intravenous drip line

Who should administer First Aid for Thiazide Overdose?

First aid for Thiazide Overdose is administered by healthcare professionals.

• The individual who overdosed, or someone near, should call 911 for emergency assistance (or the local emergency number)
• They should also call the poison control center at 1-800-222-1222 (or the local poison control center) and follow instructions

What is the Prognosis of Thiazide Overdose?

• The prognosis of Thiazide Overdose is dependent on the amount of drug consumed, time between overdose and treatment, severity of the symptoms, as well as general health status of the patient
• If the individual can recover from the symptoms, with appropriate medication and support, the outcome is generally good. In most cases, the outcome is good
• Severe symptoms are typically uncommon and deaths from Thiazide Overdose are very rare

In general, overdoses are common situations in the emergency departments. A majority of the cases are often not fatal, when appropriate treatment is given.

How can Thiazide Overdose be Prevented?

Thiazide Overdose can be prevented by:

• Always taking the right dose of medication at recommended times
• Avoiding drugs that might interact with thiazide
• Talking to your healthcare provider, if recommended dose of thiazide does not provide adequate relief
• Refrain from self-medication
• Exercising caution while taking multiple drugs with thiazide
• Keeping medications out of reach of children in child-proof containers
• For older individuals and those who tend to be forgetful, medications should be stored in single dose containers with time labels, to avoid multiple dosage
• Monitor intake of this drug especially in patients, who have depression or harbor suicidal thoughts and behavior

It is important to give your healthcare provider a complete list of prescription and non-prescription medications that are being currently taken. This will help them in assessing the possible drug interactions within various medications and help avoid/prevent accidental or unintentional toxic drug effects.

What are certain Crucial Steps to be followed?

• Call 911 (or your local emergency number) for emergency assistance, if symptoms are life-threatening
• Call Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222 (or the local poison control center) and follow the recommend steps
• It would be helpful if the following information is readily available:
  • Type, dosage and time of administration of medication
  • Age and weight of the individual
  • And, the overall health status of the individual