Introduction:

Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) is a congenital heart defect that affects the valves between the atria and the ventricles of the heart. In this article, we will define AVSD, discuss its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.

Definition:

AVSD is a congenital heart defect that occurs when there is a hole in the septum (wall) that separates the atria and the ventricles of the heart. This hole affects the valves that control blood flow between the heart chambers, leading to abnormal blood flow and strain on the heart.

Causes:

AVSD is a congenital heart defect that occurs during fetal development. It is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Symptoms:

Symptoms of AVSD can vary depending on the severity of the defect. Common symptoms may include:

• Rapid breathing or shortness of breath
• Fatigue or weakness
• Difficulty feeding or poor weight gain
• Cyanosis (blue tint to the skin, lips, and nails)
• Sweating while feeding
• Frequent lung infections

Diagnosis:

Diagnosing AVSD typically involves an echocardiogram, which uses sound waves to create images of the heart. Additional tests, such as a chest X-ray, electrocardiogram (ECG), or cardiac catheterization, may be used to evaluate heart function and blood flow.

Treatment:

Treatment for AVSD typically involves surgery to repair or close the hole in the septum and reconstruct the affected valves. In some cases, medication may be used to manage symptoms or improve heart function before or after surgery.

Conclusion:

AVSD is a congenital heart defect that affects the valves between the atria and the ventricles of the heart. It can cause abnormal blood flow and strain on the heart, leading to a range of symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment are important for improving outcomes for individuals with AVSD.

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