What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

• Migraine-Associated Vertigo
• Migrainous Vertigo

What is Vestibular Migraine? (Definition/Background Information)

• Vestibular Migraine is a type of migraine disorder that primarily affects the vestibular system, which controls balance and spatial orientation. It is characterized by recurrent episodes of vertigo (a spinning sensation), often accompanied by migrainous symptoms, such as headache, nausea, and light or sound sensitivity. The exact cause of the condition is presently unknown
• Vestibular Migraine is considered a common cause of episodic vertigo. The signs and symptoms typically include sudden and intense vertigo episodes lasting minutes to hours, often accompanied by other migraine symptoms like headache, nausea, and vomiting. These episodes can be debilitating and significantly impact an individual's daily life, as they may lead to difficulties with balance and coordination and a feeling of unsteadiness
• Diagnosing Vestibular Migraines can be challenging, as it involves recognizing the connection between vertigo and migraine symptoms. A healthcare provider typically takes a detailed medical history, performs a physical examination, and may order additional tests such as vestibular function tests, brain imaging, or blood tests to rule out other potential causes of vertigo
• The treatment for Vestibular Migraines aims to prevent episodes and manage symptoms when they occur. Lifestyle modifications are often recommended, like identifying and avoiding triggers, maintaining regular sleep patterns, and managing stress. Medications, including preventive migraine medications, vestibular suppressants, and anti-nausea drugs, may be prescribed to help manage and reduce the frequency and severity of the episodes
• The prognosis for individuals with Vestibular Migraines can vary, but with appropriate management and treatment, most can experience significant improvement in their symptoms. Many individuals can achieve better control over the condition, leading to a reduction in the frequency and severity of vertigo episodes. However, working closely with a healthcare provider to develop a tailored treatment plan is essential, as individual responses to treatments may vary

Who gets Vestibular Migraine? (Age and Sex Distribution)

• Vestibular Migraine can affect individuals of various ages, but it is most commonly diagnosed in adults, particularly those between the ages of 20 and 50
• It can affect individuals of both genders, although it appears to be more prevalent in women
• Worldwide, no racial or ethnic group preference is generally noted

What are the Risk Factors for Vestibular Migraine? (Predisposing Factors)

While the exact risk factors for Vestibular Migraines are not fully understood, there are some factors that may increase the likelihood of developing the condition. These include:

• A personal or family history of migraine
• A history of motion sickness
• Hormonal fluctuations in women

It is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition. A risk factor increases one’s chances of getting a condition compared to an individual without the risk factors. Some risk factors are more important than others.

Also, not having a risk factor does not mean that an individual will not get the condition. It is always important to discuss the effect of risk factors with your healthcare provider.

What are the Causes of Vestibular Migraine? (Etiology)

The exact cause of Vestibular Migraine is not well understood.

• It is believed to be related to abnormalities in the brain's processing of sensory information, including the vestibular system responsible for balance and spatial orientation
• Genetic factors may also play a role, as it often occurs in families with a history of migraines

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Vestibular Migraine?

The hallmark symptom of Vestibular Migraine is recurrent vertigo, which can last from a few seconds to several hours. Vertigo is often accompanied by other migraine symptoms, such as:

• Throbbing or pulsating headache, usually on one side of the head
• Nausea and vomiting
• Sensitivity to light and sound
• Visual disturbances, like seeing flashing lights or zigzag lines (aura)

These signs and symptoms can vary in intensity and duration from one episode to another.

How is Vestibular Migraine Diagnosed?

• The diagnosis of Vestibular Migraine primarily relies on clinical evaluation. The individual’s medical history is reviewed by the healthcare provider, and a physical and neurological examination is performed
• There are no specific diagnostic tests for Vestibular Migraines, so the diagnosis is based on the characteristic symptoms and the exclusion of other potential causes of vertigo and headaches

Many clinical conditions may have similar signs and symptoms. Your healthcare provider may perform additional tests to rule out other clinical conditions to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.

What are the possible Complications of Vestibular Migraine?

Vestibular Migraines can significantly impact an individual's daily life, leading to complications such as the following:

• Reduced work productivity
• Social isolation due to the unpredictable nature of attacks
• Decreased overall quality of life
• Additionally, frequent vomiting during episodes can lead to dehydration

How is Vestibular Migraine Treated?

The treatment of Vestibular Migraines involves two main strategies - managing acute symptoms during attacks and preventing future episodes.

• Acute treatment: During an episode, medications like triptans or anti-nausea drugs may be prescribed to alleviate the symptoms
• Preventive treatment: To reduce the frequency and severity of attacks, healthcare providers may recommend lifestyle modifications, such as identifying and avoiding triggers, dietary changes, and physical therapy. Prophylactic medications, like beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, or certain anticonvulsants, may also be prescribed

How can Vestibular Migraine be Prevented?

Preventing Vestibular Migraine often involves identifying and managing triggers that can precipitate episodes.

• Common triggers include stress, lack of sleep, certain foods, hormonal fluctuations, and sensory stimuli like bright lights or loud noises
• Maintaining a regular sleep schedule, managing stress, and adhering to a balanced diet are essential preventive measures

What is the Prognosis of Vestibular Migraine? (Outcomes/Resolutions)

The prognosis for Vestibular Migraine varies among individuals.

• Some may experience episodic attacks that gradually decrease in frequency and severity, while others may continue to have recurrent episodes
• Effective management and lifestyle adjustments can lead to an improved quality of life for many individuals

Regular follow-up and ongoing management are typically necessary to optimize long-term outcomes for individuals with Vestibular Migraines.

Additional and Relevant Useful Information for Vestibular Migraine:

The following DoveMed website link is a useful resource for additional information:

https://www.dovemed.com/health-topics/neurological-institute/