What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

• Meningioma of the Suprasellar Region

What is Suprasellar Meningioma? (Definition/Background Information)

• Meningioma is a mostly benign and slow-growing tumor that arises from the meninges which is the membranous tissue encasing the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system or CNS). The meninges consist of three layers, namely the outer layer (dura mater), the middle layer (arachnoid mater), and the inner layer (pia mater); together, they form the protective lining around the CNS
• The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies meningiomas based on their behavior as benign (grade I), atypical (grade II), and malignant (grade III) tumors. The grade and histologic subtype of the tumor is determined by a pathologist after examining a tissue biopsy of the tumor, under a microscope. Meningiomas are also classified based on their sites of origin within the CNS
• While there may be a set of non-specific symptoms observed, certain symptoms are specific to the tumor location. The exact location of a meningioma is generally identified on the basis of radiological imaging studies. These factors, along-with the histopathological subtyping, help the healthcare provider in better understanding the tumor and planning treatment (surgical) approaches accordingly
• A meningioma that forms in the suprasellar region, the region above the sella turcica and deep behind the eye sockets near to the pituitary gland is known as a Suprasellar Meningioma. In a majority of cases, the tumor originates from the tuberculum sellae; and, sometimes from the planum sphenoidale. Since the tumor forms between the optic nerves, visual symptoms are noted in a vast number of cases
• Meningiomas of any histologic subtype i.e., belonging to WHO grade I (benign), WHO grade II (atypical), or WHO grade III (malignant) tumors may involve the suprasellar region. But, a vast majority of these tumors are grade I. Based on certain study reports, the following subtypes are noted:
  • Grade I: Fibrous meningioma and transitional meningioma (most commonly noted) followed by meningothelial meningioma, metaplastic meningioma, and psammomatous meningioma
  • Grade II: Clear cell meningioma
  • Grade III: Papillary meningioma
• WHO grade I tumors are low-grade slow-growing tumors that are not known to infiltrate into the surrounding tissues; they also offer a very high chance for surgery to be curative. WHO grade II tumors grow faster than grade I tumors but are not usually infiltrative. However, there is a possibility of tumor recurrence as a higher grade tumor after treatment. WHO grade III tumors are malignant and infiltrative; they also have a tendency to recur as a higher grade tumor (grade IV) following treatment
• Thus, the lower the tumor grades, the better are the outcomes. However, large-sized meningiomas, even if they are low-grade, can compress the surrounding structures causing significant signs and symptoms. Therefore, the size of the tumor is also an important determinant for treatment purposes and measuring overall outcomes
• The cause of Suprasellar Meningioma is not well understood, but some genetic factors may be involved. In general, the risk factors for meningioma may include ionized radiation exposure, hormonal factors in women, breast cancer history, and a family history of meningiomas. Many cases are noted in women into middle age
• Tumors at these locations can cause vision impairment including double vision and loss of sight, headaches, numbness of the face, and reduced sense of smell. The symptoms may also include altered mental state and mental disturbances. Complications associated with malignant tumors include metastasis to other organs of the body
• Once diagnosed, the treatments for Suprasellar Meningioma may include a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, based on the grade of the tumor. In a majority, the prognosis can be favorable, if a complete tumor excision/removal is achieved, since most of these tumors are benign (WHO grade I tumors)

Who gets Suprasellar Meningioma? (Age and Sex Distribution)

• Between 9-10% of meningiomas found in the brain are Suprasellar Meningiomas
• A majority of the tumors are diagnosed in middle-aged and older adults. Occasionally, children and young adults may also be affected
• According to a particular study, an age range of 35-90 years was noted with a mean age at diagnosis of 57 years
• Both males and females are affected; however, a strong female predominance is noted. It is reported that almost 75-80% cases may be seen in women
• Worldwide, individuals of all racial and ethnic groups may be affected

What are the Risk Factors for Suprasellar Meningioma? (Predisposing Factors)

Suprasellar Meningioma is a subtype of meningioma and the predisposing factors for meningioma, in general, include:

• Increasing age, since most tumors are detected in elderly adults
• Individuals who have been exposed to both low-dose and high-dose ionizing radiation have presented an increased incidence of these tumors
  • Dental X-rays are the most common situation of an individual being exposed to low-dose radiations
  • Studies have shown an increased incidence of meningiomas in individuals who have received multiple full oral dental X-ray examinations
• Individuals, who have undergone radiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region, are at an increased risk
• A positive family history of these meningeal tumors could place one at an elevated risk
• Hormonal factors: Studies have shown a correlation between hormones and meningiomas. An increased incidence of these tumors is noted in post-pubertal females compared to males. Histopathology studies have detected the presence of hormonal receptors for estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone, in a vast majority of meningiomas
• Breast cancer history: There is an increased incidence of meningioma in women diagnosed with breast cancer, since hormonal influence play an important role in the development of breast cancer. Therefore, hormones are believed to play a contributory role in the development of meningiomas
• Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2): It is a multisystem genetic disorder affecting the nervous system, skin, and skeletal muscles. Individuals with NF2 are known to develop meningiomas in 50-75% of the cases
• Obesity: Having excess body fat may increase one’s risk for meningioma; although, there is presently no conclusive evidence to link the two
• Inhalation of cigarette/tobacco smoke and excess consumption of nitrites in food are other potential risk factors that have been put forth by medical research

It is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition. A risk factor increases one’s chances of getting a condition compared to an individual without the risk factors. Some risk factors are more important than others.

Also, not having a risk factor does not mean that an individual will not get the condition. It is always important to discuss the effect of risk factors with your healthcare provider.

What are the Causes of Suprasellar Meningioma? (Etiology)

The exact cause of formation of Suprasellar Meningioma development is unknown. It is researched that certain genetic, environmental, and occupational factors may contribute towards the development of these tumors.

Overall, the following factors have been identified as playing a role in meningioma development:

• Abnormalities on the 22nd chromosome (loss of chromosome 22) in areas that confer suppression of tumor growth; this is reportedly noted in most meningiomas
• 25% of the tumors reportedly exhibit mutations involving the TRAF7 gene
• In individuals with the genetic disorder neurofibromatosis type 2 who develop these tumors, there is an involvement of the NF2 gene. Abnormalities in the NF2 gene are also noted in many cases (40-60%) of sporadic meningiomas
• Some meningiomas have extra platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR) and epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) that can contribute to tumor growth. These receptors are essential for normal cell growth and development
• It is reported that 50% of the tumors show estrogen receptors and 90% show progesterone receptors
• According to research, individuals with radiation therapy to the cranium (for unrelated conditions) have a four-fold risk for the development of meningiomas

It is possible that female hormones, exposure to ionizing radiation, or an inherited disorder of the nervous system, may cause abnormal cell divisions in the meninges. Studies to characterize these processes are currently underway.

Several studies have documented an altered rate of growth of meningioma in relation to menstrual cycles and pregnancy phases. A clear association between oral contraceptives and hormonal replacement therapy has not been yet established. Research is ongoing to study this association.

In general, it is known that tumors form when normal, healthy cells begin transforming into abnormal cells - these cancer cells grow and divide uncontrollably (and lose their ability to die), resulting in the formation of a mass or a tumor.

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Suprasellar Meningioma?

The signs and symptoms of meningiomas may differ from one individual to another. It may be mild or severe, depending on several factors including the grade and size of the tumor. The onset of symptoms and speed of progression of the tumor can vary. Tumors that grow slowly and remain asymptomatic are usually diagnosed during certain radiological imaging studies of the head and neck region, which are performed for unrelated health conditions. 

Suprasellar Meningiomas more often arise from the tuberculum sellae (in about 87% of the cases), which is a region between the right and left optic nerves. Also, the tumor can either originate or involve the planum sphenoidale (as noted in about 51% of the cases), which is just above the tuberculum sellae; larger-sized tumors are often seen at this location. The meningioma may involve either one or both the optic canals; sometimes, the function of the pituitary gland is affected. Rarely, the posterior fossa is involved.

In many cases, Suprasellar Meningiomas are slow-growing tumors that form and grow over many months and years. Tumors at these locations can result in swollen retina and vision impairment including double vision, partial and total vision loss, since the optic nerve(s) is usually affected. The loss of vision is observed in over 80% of the affected individuals. Infrequently, a few tumors may remain asymptomatic for a long time.

The other signs and symptoms of Suprasellar Meningioma include:

• Headaches
• Nausea and vomiting
• Numbness in the face
• Partial or complete loss of smell (anosmia)
• Seizures, are uncommon
• Behavioral changes
• Altered mental status
• Memory loss
• If the pituitary gland is involved, it may rarely result in gland dysfunction causing hypopituitarism

Malignant tumors are highly aggressive and infiltrative. In case of malignancy, the onset of signs and symptoms may be rapid.

Large tumors (over 4 cm in size) can cause significant signs and symptoms. Most of the tumors are single, but occasionally multiple tumors can be detected growing simultaneously (particularly in individuals with neurofibromatosis type 2), either in the brain region or in association with the spinal cord. The associated symptoms of the underlying condition, if any present, may be noted.

How is Suprasellar Meningioma Diagnosed?

A vast majority of meningiomas may remain undiagnosed because they are asymptomatic. Often, the slow appearance of symptoms may result in the healthcare provider attributing the origin of such symptoms as part of a normal aging process. The slow development of symptoms, or a presence of mild symptoms, may also contribute to a delayed detection and diagnosis of these tumors. The tumors may be detected when there is a sudden worsening of symptoms prompting the healthcare provider to perform radiological studies of the brain.

It is reported that when primary optic atrophy (degeneration of optic nerve fibers) and partial blindness (bitemporal hemianopsia) is observed in healthy adults with normal sella turcica, Suprasellar Meningioma should be suspected by the healthcare provider.

A diagnosis of Suprasellar Meningioma may include the following tests and exams:

• Complete physical examination with thorough evaluation of the individual’s medical history (including family history of NF2)
• Assessment of the presenting signs and symptoms
• Blood tests to assess hormonal imbalances and serum electrolytes
• Visual field tests; tests to assess visual acuity
• Neurological, motor skills, and cognitive assessment:
  • Checking intellectual ability, memory, mental health and function, language skills, judgment and reasoning, coordination and balance, reflexes, sensory perceptions (space, sight, hearing, touch)
  • The healthcare provider/neurologist may use the Karnofsky Performance Scale in order to assess the neurological functioning of the individual’s central nervous system (CNS)
• University of Pennsylvania smell identification test (UPSIT): A test to evaluate the olfactory system function. It is particularly used for neurological disturbances/conditions causing a reduced sense of smell
• Electromyography with nerve conductivity tests
• Imaging tests including:
  • X-ray of head and neck; X-ray of the spine
  • Computerized tomography scan (CT scan) of head and neck region and vertebral column; CT with contrast
  • Magnetic resonance imaging scan (MRI scan) of the brain and spinal cord; with contrast agents such as gadolinium
  • Cerebral angiographic studies or magnetic resonance angiography: An angiogram involves injecting dye into the bloodstream, which makes the blood vessels to appear visually on X-rays. The X-ray may show a tumor in the brain or the blood vessels leading into the tumor
  • Magnetic resonance spectroscopy: This radiological technique is used to study the chemical profile of the tumor. It is often performed with and compared to corresponding MRI scan images of the affected region
  • Positron emission tomography (PET scan): A PET scan is a nuclear medicine imaging technique that uses three-dimensional images to show how tissue and organs are functioning. It may be performed to detect any malignancy, and if there is a metastasis (spread) of the tumor to other regions
• Cerebrospinal fluid analysis, where a spinal tap or lumbar puncture procedure may be performed: This diagnostic test is used to remove a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the spaces in and around the brain and spinal cord. The sample is removed from the lower spinal cord using a thin needle, and it is then checked for the presence of cancer cells

Tissue biopsy: A biopsy of the affected region (brain) is performed and sent to a laboratory for a pathological examination. A pathologist examines the biopsy sample under a microscope. After putting together clinical findings, special studies on tissues (if needed) and with microscope findings, the pathologist arrives at a definitive diagnosis. Examination of the biopsy sample under a microscope by a pathologist is helpful in arriving at a conclusive diagnosis. 

There are two ways to perform a biopsy:

• First, a biopsy can be performed as part of a surgical procedure to remove the brain tumor
• Second, a stereotactic needle biopsy can be performed when the tumor is deep within the brain or located in a sensitive area. In this procedure, the surgeon drills a small hole (called a burr hole) into the skull. A thin needle, guided by CT or MRI scanning, is then inserted through the hole to help in the removal of tissue

A differential diagnosis (both radiological and pathological) to eliminate other conditions or tumor types may be considered, before arriving at a definitive diagnosis.

Many clinical conditions may have similar signs and symptoms. Your healthcare provider may perform additional tests to rule out other clinical conditions to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.

What are the possible Complications of Suprasellar Meningioma?

The possible complications associated with Suprasellar Meningioma include:

• Emotional and mental stress for both the patients and the caretakers, due to the diagnosis and treatment of a brain tumor
• Permanent damage to the olfactory region causing total loss of smell
• Large tumors may greatly involve the optic nerves causing total blindness
• Large undetected tumors can severely affect brain function and be disabling or even life-threatening, due to mass effect/compression of brain tissue
• Some large tumors may also press against the skull (or other) bones causing it to expand
• Trouble with concentration
• Dementia including personality changes causing a reduced quality of life
• Peritumoral brain edema (PTBE): Presence of fluid around the tumor region in the brain resulting in severe symptoms and complications
• Complications due to an underlying genetic disorder, if any present, may be observed
• Malignant Suprasellar Meningiomas may rarely spread (metastasize) outside the brain, to other sites of the body resulting in severe complications

Complications may arise from surgery, radiation therapy, or other treatment modalities. These may lead to long-term side effects, particularly in children and older adults.

Surgical complications:

• Damage to the muscles, vital nerves, and blood vessels, during surgery to remove the tumor; injury to unaffected brain tissue during surgery
• Post-surgical infection at the wound site is a potential complication
• Cerebrospinal fluid leakage is observed in some cases, which can cause meningitis
• Post-operation neurological defects may be observed
• Sometimes, removing the tumor can worsen the signs and symptoms in some individuals; vision may deteriorate after surgery
• Invasive procedures to remove large-sized tumors carry a higher risk for post-operative complications
• Recurrence of the tumor after surgery may be observed; malignant tumors often have very high recurrence rates

Chemotherapy side effects depend on the type of chemotherapy medication used and may include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Hair loss
• Mouth sores
• Loss of appetite
• Diarrhea
• Fatigue
• Increased risk for infections
• Easy bruising
• Infertility

Radiation therapy can cause short-term side effects. It depends on the type used and may include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Hair loss
• Dryness of mouth; loss of taste
• Headaches
• Fatigue
• Skin color changes; usually darkening of skin on the face and neck may be noted
• Speech and hearing difficulties
• Memory issues
• Seizures

Long-term side effects (seen after 6 months or beyond) may include loss of memory, impaired brain function, and appearance of symptoms that mimic stroke.

How is Suprasellar Meningioma Treated?

The treatment modality for meningioma is chosen, depending on the size, type (whether the tumor is benign, atypical, or malignant), and stage of the tumor, tumor growth rate, age and health status of the individual. Often, a multidisciplinary team of specialists including otolaryngologists, neurologists, oncologists, surgeons, radiation therapy experts, and other healthcare professionals are involved in managing the condition.

The treatment measures for Suprasellar Meningioma may include:

• Symptomatic treatment may involve the use of antiseizure medications, painkillers, systemic steroids (to reduce inflammation), and administration of anti-depressants

Surgical treatment: Surgery to remove the entire tumor or just part of the tumor depends on several factors including the risk assessment by a neurosurgeon, with respect to the potential injury to nearby brain tissues. It is also considered based on the location, size, and overall health of the individual. A complete removal of the tumor can result in a cure in many patients. However, due to the complexity of the location and layout (involvement of the visual pathway and proximity to the carotid/cerebral artery) of some of the tumors, it is often very difficult to completely remove Suprasellar Meningiomas. According to reports, 10-20% of the tumors may not be resected totally.

• Craniotomy: It is a surgical procedure wherein a tiny hole is created in the cranium to access and remove the tumor. The main goal of surgery is to remove as much tumor as possible without damaging the surrounding brain tissue
• Endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES): It is a procedure to remove small-sized tumors through the nose. This procedure helps in optic nerve decompression and reportedly yields better overall outcomes. The post-operative signs and symptoms are also better controlled
• In some individuals, the tumor is partially removed, so as not to cause brain damage, resulting in unwanted additional symptoms. A partial removal is usually considered in slow-growing grade I benign tumors
• Microsurgery: The surgery is performed using microsurgical techniques, which can help minimize damage to the accompanying nerve. Since the tumor mostly affects the covering around the nerves, it can be completely removed without affecting the nerve in most cases. The following techniques may be employed:
  • Subtotal removal; when the tumor is incompletely removed
  • Near total removal; when most of the tumor is removed and there is very little tumor remnants
  • Total tumor removal; when the tumor is removed completely
• In some cases, embolization of the tumor may be performed, in order to shrink the tumor size, before major invasive procedures are undertaken. In embolization, the blood supply to the tumor is cut-off, resulting in its shrinkage. This also helps reduce blood loss during a surgical resection
• Radiosurgery for individuals who cannot undergo surgery or have recurrent tumors
• Post-operative care is important: One must maintain minimum activity levels, until the surgical wound heals

Surgical procedures to remove brain tumors carry risks, including infection, possible damage to healthy brain tissue, swelling, or possible fluid build-up in the brain.

Radiation therapy: There are a variety of radiation therapy methods that can be used to treat the tumors. Radiation therapy is performed either after removal of the tumor (to destroy any remaining meningioma cells), or in individuals where surgical removal procedure is not an option. Radiation therapy is helpful to reduce the rate of recurrence. It is also recommended for individuals where the tumor is removed partially.

The types of radiation therapy include:

• Standard external radiation beam therapy using a beam of high-energy X-rays; it is the most common form of radiation therapy used to treat cancers
• 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy, where 3-d images of the tumor are created using radiological imaging scans to help design appropriate radiation therapy beam size and angles
• Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT): It is a procedure that uses computer-controlled linear accelerators to deliver precise radiation to a malignant tumor
• Stereotactic radiosurgery using Gamma Knife or CyberKnife technique
• Proton radiation therapy: It is a form of external beam therapy using high-energy proton beams to destroy the tumor cells
• Fractionated radiation therapy: It is a good option for individuals whose tumors are too large for radiosurgery, or if the tumor is in a sensitive location. In this therapy, small doses of radiation are administered for a certain set period

Some individuals may experience a few side effects, while others may experience none. These may include fatigue, headaches, hair loss, and scalp irritation. Radiation therapy beams may affect the pituitary gland causing it to dysfunction (bringing about hormonal changes in the body).

Chemotherapy: A large number of meningiomas (especially those classified as benign tumors) usually do not respond to chemotherapy. Hence, chemotherapy is not recommended as a treatment option for treating these tumors. However, the healthcare provider will determine if chemotherapy should be considered as a treatment option on a case-by-case basis.

• Chemotherapy may be beneficial in individuals diagnosed with atypical and malignant tumors. Whether to use chemotherapy as a treatment modality is determined by healthcare provider on case-by-case basis
• Chemotherapy for those tumors that are atypical and/or cannot be effectively treated by surgery or radiation therapy. The administration of some drugs may slow the rate of growth of the tumor

The following chemotherapy agents and methods have been used in atypical and malignant tumors with varying beneficial results:

• Immunotherapy to stimulate an affected individual’s immune system
• Somatostatin analogs which prevent the release of growth hormones
• Hydroxyurea, epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, platelet-derived growth factor receptor inhibitors, and vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors

There are side effects for chemotherapy, which depends upon the type and dose of drugs administered. The common chemotherapy side effects include nausea, vomiting, hair loss, loss of appetite, headache, fever, chills, and weakness.

Clinical trials: In certain tumors with advanced stages of tumor progression, there may be some newer treatment options, currently on clinical trials, which can be considered for some patients depending on their respective risk factors.

Regular observation and periodic checkups to monitor the condition is strongly recommended following treatment. In order to avoid a relapse, or be prepared for a recurrence, the entire diagnosis, treatment process, drugs administered, healthcare recommendations post-treatment, etc. should be well-documented and follow-up measures initiated.

How can Suprasellar Meningioma be Prevented?

Presently, there are no specific methods or guidelines to prevent the formation of Suprasellar Meningioma. However, if it is associated with a genetic disorder, such as neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), the following points may be considered:

• Genetic counseling and testing: If there is a family history of the condition, then genetic counseling will help assess risks, before planning for a child
• Regular health check-ups might help those individuals with a history of NF2 in the immediate family and help diagnose the tumor early

In general, the factors that can help reduce the incidence of meningioma and other brain tumor may include:

• Reducing exposure to radiation
• Avoiding cigarette smoke inhalation
• When feasible, it is recommended to decrease the frequency of oral X-rays
• Weight loss, in case one is obese or overweight; maintaining a good BMI
• Getting regular checkups following recovery from breast cancer or neurofibromatosis type 2
• Using safety gear including wearing helmets when playing sports or while riding two-wheelers
• Wearing seatbelts while driving automobiles to minimize the risk for head/body injury

According to the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), currently there is no standard testing protocols available for meningioma.

Regular medical screening at periodic intervals with blood tests, scans, and physical examinations are mandatory. Often several years of active vigilance are crucial and necessary.

What is the Prognosis of Suprasellar Meningioma? (Outcomes/Resolutions)

The prognosis of Suprasellar Meningioma may vary considerably from one individual to another and is dependent on a set of factors.

• In many cases, the prognosis is good with prompt diagnosis and adequate treatment, since a majority of Suprasellar Meningiomas are grade I benign tumors
• Based on a large study, following surgery over 85-90% patients had their sight restored, while 10-15% showed vision defects. Extension of the tumor into the optic canal determines post-operative vision restoration. Other symptoms, such as headaches, facial numbness, and loss of smell, are all known to get better with adequate treatment
• Incomplete tumor removal can result in recurrences; higher grade tumors recur more quickly. Also, some cases are known to recur over 10 years. Returning tumors may cause irreversible symptoms including permanent and total vision loss
• In general, the prognosis for malignant meningioma is typically poor, since these are aggressive tumors with high recurrence rates. These tumors are also known to spread to other body sites (metastasize)

Specifically, the prognosis of Suprasellar Meningioma may depend upon the following factors:

• Tumor histology or grade of the tumor: The lower the grade, the better is the prognosis
• Age of the individual: Older individuals generally have poorer prognosis than younger individuals
• Extent of residual tumor in the body following a surgical resection: A complete surgical excision with entire tumor removal presents the best outcome. In some cases, large portions of the tumor may be removed; or, only a small portion for tissue biopsy
• Location of the tumor is an important prognostic factor: Tumors at certain sites involving the central nervous system are more difficult to surgically excise and remove. They can also cause considerable neurological damage at certain sites in the brain and/or spinal cord
• Functional neurologic status based on neurological evaluation of the patient: A higher score on the Karnofsky Performance Scale indicates a more favorable outcome
• Metastatic spread, in case of a malignant tumor: Spread of the malignancy to other body sites portrays a poorer prognosis

In general, the prognosis of a central nervous system tumor may depend upon several factors, which include: 

• Stage of tumor: With lower-stage tumors, when the tumor is confined to site of origin, the prognosis is usually excellent with appropriate therapy
• Overall health of the individual: Individuals with overall excellent health have better prognosis compared with those with poor health
• The size of the tumor: Individuals with small-sized tumors fare better than those with large-sized tumors
• Presence of certain genetic abnormalities
• Histological subtype of the tumor
• Individuals with bulky disease may have a poorer prognosis
• Involvement of other vital organs may complicate the condition
• The ease of accessibility and surgical resectability of the tumor (meaning, if the primary tumor can be removed completely). This is an important prognostic factor
• Whether the tumor is occurring for the first time or is a recurrent tumor. Recurring tumors have worse prognosis compared to tumors that do not recur 
• Response to treatment and absence of post-operative complications: Tumors that respond to treatment have better prognosis compared to tumors that do not respond to treatment
• Progression of the condition makes the outcome worse

An early diagnosis and prompt treatment of the tumor generally yields better outcomes than a late diagnosis and delayed treatment.

Additional and Relevant Useful Information for Suprasellar Meningioma:

Please visit our Cancer & Benign Tumor Health Center for more physician-approved health information:

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