What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

• Arc Eye

What is Snow Blindness? (Definition/Background Information)

• Snow Blindness is an eye condition involving damage to the eye. It is a form of photokeratitis, or damage to the eye caused by ultraviolet (UV) rays, mainly from sunlight
• Snow Blindness is a specific case where the UV rays reflect off ice and snow and injures the eye

Incidence:

• Individuals of any age group or gender may be affected
• Observed in cold latitude countries (areas with snowfall)

Risk factors:

• People who spend more time at higher altitudes, such as mountain trekkers or skiers
• Higher altitudes involve a thinner atmosphere and possible snow terrain, both factors that tend to increase exposure to ultraviolet rays

Cause:

• Snow Blindness develops when ultraviolet rays that reflect off snow or ice hit the cornea, the clear outer layer of the eye
• The cornea becomes irritated causing a burning sensation

Signs and symptoms:

• Eye pain and redness
• Blurry vision
• Excessive tearing
• Sensitivity to bright light (photophobia)

Diagnosis:

• Professional medical examination that involves an eye exam and a history of recent activities/travel, etc.
• Use of certain eye drops to look for UV damage

Complications: In extreme cases, color changes in vision and vision loss may occur.

Treatment:

• Snow Blindness typically heals on its own, so the treatment focuses on having a painless experience
• Immediate steps to heal include removal of contact lenses (if any worn) and staying in a dark room for a certain period
• For further relief, placing a cold washcloth over the eyes, use of artificial tears, and taking pain-relievers or antibiotics, if a medical professional recommends them
• The patient should avoid rubbing the eyes while they are healing

Prevention: Achieved by wearing protective eyewear, such as strong sunglasses or snow goggles, in areas with bountiful ice and snow, especially mountainous regions.

Prognosis:

• Prognosis of Snow Blindness is generally excellent
• Pain typically goes away after 48 hours
• If the symptoms persist, the affected individual should visit a healthcare professional who may examine for other conditions (differential diagnosis)