What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

• Dysautonomia, Secondary type

What is Secondary Dysautonomia? (Definition/Background Information)

• Secondary Dysautonomia refers to a set of disorders where dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system arises as a result of an underlying medical condition or external factors, such as diabetes, autoimmune diseases, or trauma, leading to a disruption in the regulation of involuntary bodily functions
• The signs and symptoms of Secondary Dysautonomia vary widely based on the underlying cause but often involve cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and neurological manifestations. Diagnosis involves identifying the root condition through medical history, tests, and assessments of autonomic function
• The treatment targets the underlying cause, and managing symptoms may involve medications, lifestyle changes, and addressing the primary disorder. The prognosis of Secondary Dysautonomia depends on the underlying condition and the success of treating both dysautonomia and its underlying cause

Who gets Secondary Dysautonomia? (Age and Sex Distribution)

• Secondary Dysautonomia can affect individuals of any age, depending on the underlying condition/cause
• The age and sex distribution vary based on the specific cause
• The condition may occur worldwide, affecting individuals of all racial and ethnic groups

What are the Risk Factors for Secondary Dysautonomia? (Predisposing Factors)

The risk factors for Secondary Dysautonomia depend on the underlying condition that causes it. Some common risk factors may include:

• Autoimmune disorders
• Certain infections
• Neurological diseases
• Trauma
• Medication side effects

It is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition. A risk factor increases one’s chances of getting a condition compared to an individual without the risk factors. Some risk factors are more important than others.

Also, not having a risk factor does not mean that an individual will not get the condition. It is always important to discuss the effect of risk factors with your healthcare provider.

What are the Causes of Secondary Dysautonomia? (Etiology)

Secondary Dysautonomia refers to a group of conditions where dysfunction or damage to the autonomic nervous system occurs as a result of another underlying medical condition or external factors. It is distinct from primary dysautonomia, which has no identifiable cause.

Some common causes include:

• Autoimmune disorders such as lupus or Sjögren's syndrome
• Diabetes mellitus
• Parkinson's disease
• Multiple sclerosis
• Guillain-Barré syndrome
• Spinal cord injuries or nerve damage
• Certain medications or drug side effects

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Secondary Dysautonomia?

The signs and symptoms of Secondary Dysautonomia can vary depending on the underlying cause and the specific nerves affected. Some common symptoms include:

• Orthostatic hypotension (drop in blood pressure upon standing)
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Rapid or irregular heart rate
• Digestive problems (nausea, vomiting, constipation, or diarrhea)
• Bladder dysfunction (urinary frequency, urgency, or retention)
• Sweating abnormalities (excessive sweating or lack of sweating)
• Temperature regulation difficulties
• Fatigue or weakness

How is Secondary Dysautonomia Diagnosed?

Diagnosing Secondary Dysautonomia involves thoroughly evaluating medical history, symptoms, and potential underlying causes. The diagnostic tests may include:

• Autonomic function tests: Assessing heart rate variability, blood pressure changes, sweat production, and other autonomic responses
• Blood tests: Checking for specific markers or antibodies related to autoimmune disorders or other underlying conditions
• Imaging studies, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans, to assess for structural abnormalities or nerve damage
• Nerve conduction studies: Evaluating the electrical activity and function of the nerves

Many clinical conditions may have similar signs and symptoms. Your healthcare provider may perform additional tests to rule out other clinical conditions to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.

What are the possible Complications of Secondary Dysautonomia?

The complications of Secondary Dysautonomia depend on the underlying condition causing it. Some possible complications include:

• Falls and injuries due to postural instability
• Nutritional deficiencies or weight loss from gastrointestinal problems
• Urinary tract infections or bladder dysfunction-related complications
• Difficulty regulating body temperature, leading to overheating or hypothermia

How is Secondary Dysautonomia Treated?

The treatment of Secondary Dysautonomia primarily focuses on managing the underlying condition and relieving symptoms. The treatment options may include:

• Medications: Targeting specific symptoms such as blood pressure abnormalities, heart rate control, or gastrointestinal issues
• Physical therapy: Exercises to improve balance, coordination, and muscle strength
• Lifestyle modifications: Adequate hydration, dietary adjustments, avoiding triggers, and managing stress
• Supportive measures: Wearing compression stockings, using assistive devices, and making environmental adaptations to enhance safety and quality of life

How can Secondary Dysautonomia be Prevented?

Prevention of Secondary Dysautonomia involves addressing the underlying causes and risk factors. This may include the following:

• Managing chronic conditions
• Following prescribed treatment plans
• Avoiding known triggers or medications that can worsen autonomic dysfunction

However, it may not be preventable in all cases.

What is the Prognosis of Secondary Dysautonomia? (Outcomes/Resolutions)

The prognosis of Secondary Dysautonomia depends on the underlying cause, the severity of autonomic dysfunction, and the effectiveness of treatment.

• In some cases, managing the underlying condition may help control symptoms and improve quality of life
• However, in other instances, the prognosis may be more challenging, and symptoms may persist or progress despite treatment

Additional and Relevant Useful Information for Familial Dysautonomia:

The following DoveMed website link is a useful resource for additional information:

http://www.dovemed.com/diseases-conditions/rare-disorders/