What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

• Sebaceous Gland Adenoma

What is Sebaceous Adenoma? (Definition/Background Information)

• Sebaceous Adenoma is a benign tumor of the sebaceous gland occurring on the skin. These are painless, slow-growing tumors that occur in the 4^th decade of one’s life
• The cause of the condition is due to sun damage of skin, and hence, any occupation that increases one’s exposure to the direct sun may be a risk factor
• Common locations, where the tumor is observed is the head and neck region, apart from other regularly sun-exposed locations such as the arms and legs
• The treatment of choice for Sebaceous Adenoma skin tumor is complete surgical excision and removal of the tumor. The prognosis is excellent with suitable treatment

Who gets Sebaceous Adenoma? (Age and Sex Distribution)

• Sebaceous Adenoma is usually seen in young adults, in the 30-40 years’ age range. However, the condition may affect individuals of any age
• There are no male-female preferences and both genders are equally affected
• The condition is mostly observed in the tropical regions of the world, where sun-exposure is generally high. All racial and ethnic groups are at equal risk

What are the Risk Factors for Sebaceous Adenoma? (Predisposing Factors)

The risk factors of Sebaceous Adenoma include:

• Any occupation that increases sun exposure, such as farming or construction, is a risk factor
• Occasionally, individuals with Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS, a genetic condition) have a higher risk

It is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition. A risk factor increases one’s chances of getting a condition compared to an individual without the risk factors. Some risk factors are more important than others.

Also, not having a risk factor does not mean that an individual will not get the condition. It is always important to discuss the effect of risk factors with your healthcare provider.

What are the Causes of Sebaceous Adenoma? (Etiology)

• Sebaceous Adenoma is benign tumor that develops when the oil glands (sebaceous glands) of the skin is damaged due to prolonged sun exposure
• Some studies have shown that mutations in the DNA mismatched repair gene may be responsible for their development

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Sebaceous Adenoma?

The signs and symptoms of Sebaceous Adenoma may include:

• They usually occur as a single tumor on the skin at various locations of the body
• They are present as a small, painless, yellowish-brown mass on the skin that grows slowly
• Head and neck region is the frequent site of the tumor, although they may be found on other body sites such as the arms, legs, and trunk
• Generally, Sebaceous Adenomas that occur sporadically are usually solitary (single tumor), while when it is associated with Muir-Torre syndrome, they may be many in numbers (multiple tumors)

How is Sebaceous Adenoma Diagnosed?

Sebaceous Adenoma may be diagnosed using the following tools:

• Physical exam and evaluation of medical history
• Examination of the skin by a dermatologist using a special magnified lens (dermoscopy)
• Skin biopsy: A biopsy is performed and sent to a laboratory for a pathological examination. The pathologist examines the biopsy under a microscope. After putting together clinical findings, special studies on tissues (if needed) and with microscope findings, the pathologist arrives at a definitive diagnosis

Many clinical conditions may have similar signs and symptoms. Your healthcare provider may perform additional tests to rule out other clinical conditions to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.

What are the possible Complications of Sebaceous Adenoma?

Generally, there are no significant complications that develop from Sebaceous Adenoma, unless it is associated with Muir-Torre syndrome.

How is Sebaceous Adenoma Treated?

The treatment of Sebaceous Adenoma may include the following:

• A complete surgical excision of the tumor is the treatment of choice and is curative. The tumor does not recur on complete excision
• Electrodessication can vaporize small lesions with good results
• Cryosurgical destruction
• Treatment of Muir-Torre syndrome, if present
• Post-operative care is important until the surgical wound heals
• Follow-up care with regular screening and check-ups are important

How can Sebaceous Adenoma be Prevented?

• Currently, there are no definitive ways to prevent Sebaceous Carcinomas of Skin
• However, limiting or reducing sun-exposure may be beneficial

What is the Prognosis of Sebaceous Adenoma? (Outcomes/Resolutions)

• The prognosis of Sebaceous Adenoma is generally excellent with appropriate treatment of the condition. These tumors do not recur on a complete surgical removal, and they also do not metastasize
• If the adenoma is associated with Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS), then the prognosis depends upon the tumors caused by MTS. MTS is associated with malignancies that involve various organs

Additional and Relevant Useful Information for Sebaceous Adenoma:

Individuals with Sebaceous Adenomas should be encouraged testing for Muir-Torre Syndrome.