What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

• Cutaneous Sclerotic Fibroma
• Cutaneous Storiform Collagenoma
• Storiform Collagenoma of Skin

What is Sclerotic Fibroma of Skin? (Definition/Background Information)

• Sclerotic Fibroma of Skin is a rare, benign skin tumor that may be present on the face and extremities. It is generally seen in adults
• The cause of formation of this soft tissue tumor is unidentified, but the presence of multiple Sclerotic Fibromas of Skin has been associated with Cowden disease (a genetic condition)
• Cutaneous Sclerotic Fibromas are typically asymptomatic and cause no pain or itching. These nodules are generally flesh-colored and grow up to 1 cm in size
• A simple surgical excision of the tumor is considered curative. The prognosis for Sclerotic Fibroma of Skin is excellent with suitable treatment. However, the prognosis may also be dependent upon the severity of the underlying disorder (if any present)

Who gets Sclerotic Fibroma of Skin? (Age and Sex Distribution)

• Sclerotic Fibroma of Skin can occur at any age, including in infants, children, young and elderly adults; the mean age of the individuals is around 40 years
• Both males and females may be affected; some studies show a female predominance
• Individuals of all racial and ethnic background can be affected. Worldwide, no geographical localization of Sclerotic Fibroma of Skin has been reported

What are the Risk Factors for Sclerotic Fibroma of Skin? (Predisposing Factors)

• The risk factors for Sclerotic Fibroma of Skin are generally unknown
• However, multiple tumors are seen with associated with Cowden disease, a rare genetic disorder

It is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition. A risk factor increases ones chances of getting a condition compared to an individual without the risk factors. Some risk factors are more important than others.

Also, not having a risk factor does not mean that an individual will not get the condition. It is always important to discuss the effect of risk factors with your healthcare provider.

What are the Causes of Sclerotic Fibroma of Skin? (Etiology)

The exact cause of development of Sclerotic Fibroma of Skin is unknown.

• Solitary tumors are sporadic in nature and the cause has not been established
• Multiple tumors seen in association with Cowden syndrome may develop due to genetic factors/abnormalities

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Sclerotic Fibroma of Skin?

The signs and symptoms of Sclerotic Fibroma of Skin include:

• The presence of a single raised nodule on the skin. The skin over the nodule may have a pink-white discoloration; though, usually the nodule is flesh-colored
• The surface of the tumor may be waxy and translucent
• Cutaneous Sclerotic Fibromas can occur anywhere in the body; the usual sites are the face, arms and legs, and the back and chest
• The size of the tumor is less than 1 cm; usually around 6 mm
• The nodules are usually painless and non-itchy. They are mostly well-demarcated and firm to touch
• The growth of the tumor is slow; it may grow over many months and years
• Occasionally, numerous sclerotic fibromas may be present.  When it is occurs in multiple numbers, the condition is associated with a genetic disorder known as Cowden syndrome

How is Sclerotic Fibroma of Skin Diagnosed?

A diagnosis of Sclerotic Fibroma of Skin may involve the following:

• A thorough medical history and physical examination
• Dermoscopy: It is a diagnostic tool where a dermatologist examines the skin using a special magnified lens
• Wood’s lamp examination: In this procedure, the healthcare provider examines the skin using ultraviolet light. It is performed to examine the change in skin pigmentation
• Skin biopsy: A skin biopsy is performed and sent to a laboratory for a pathological examination. The pathologist examines the biopsy under a microscope. After putting together clinical findings, special studies on tissues (if needed) and with microscope findings, the pathologist arrives at a definitive diagnosis

Many clinical conditions may have similar signs and symptoms. Your healthcare provider may perform additional tests to rule out other clinical conditions to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.

What are the possible Complications of Sclerotic Fibroma of Skin?

Sclerotic Fibroma of Skin is a benign tumor and it does not cause any significant complications. However, the following factors may be a cause for concern:

• The presence of multiple nodules may result in cosmetic issues (especially when it involves the face or exposed skin areas)
• Complications that may arise from the underlying Cowden syndrome
• Recurrence of the tumor on incomplete surgical excision

How is Sclerotic Fibroma of Skin Treated?

• Treatment of Sclerotic Fibroma of Skin is a complete surgical excision, which results in a cure. A surgery may be recommended, since these tumors can be present as an enlarging mass
• Once the tumor is completely removed, it usually does not recur. An incomplete removal of the tumor may result in a recurrence
• Treatment of underlying Cowden syndrome, when multiple tumors are noted
• Follow-up care with regular screening and check-ups are important and encouraged

How can Sclerotic Fibroma of Skin be Prevented?

Currently, there are no known methods to prevent the occurrence of Sclerotic Fibroma of Skin.

What is the Prognosis of Sclerotic Fibroma of Skin? (Outcomes/Resolutions)

• The prognosis for solitary Sclerotic Fibroma of Skin is excellent, since it is a benign tumor
• When multiple tumors are associated with Cowden syndrome, the overall prognosis may depend upon the severity of the syndrome

Additional and Relevant Useful Information for Sclerotic Fibroma of Skin:

• There is no evidence to prove that the tumor formation is influenced by one’s dietary choices
• Cleaning the skin too hard with strong chemicals or soaps may aggravate the skin condition. Care must be taken avoid strong soaps and chemicals that could potentially worsen the condition
• The presence of dirt on the body is not a causative factor for the condition. However, it helps to be clean and hygienic, which may help the condition from getting worse