What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

• Benign Pilar Tumor of Vulva
• Benign Proliferating Pilar Tumor of Vulva
• Vulvar Proliferating Trichilemmal Cyst

What is Proliferating Trichilemmal Cyst of Vulva? (Definition/Background Information)

• Proliferating Trichilemmal Cyst of Vulva is a rare, hair follicle tumor of vulvar skin that is generally observed in women during middle and older age. It is also known as a Benign Proliferating Pilar Tumor of Vulva
• This cyst is usually painless and solitary. In some cases, it can ulcerate at the top of the lesion, resulting in infections
• The cause and risk factors for Proliferating Trichilemmal Cyst of Vulva are unknown, but if multiple cysts are present, then a familial inheritance may be observed
• In a majority of cases, no treatment in necessary, unless it causes discomfort in the individual. In some cases, these benign lesions can infiltrate the surrounding areas, but they do not metastasize unlike malignant proliferating pilar tumors
• A simple surgical excision of the tumor is considered curative. The prognosis for Proliferating Trichilemmal Cyst of Vulva is excellent with suitable treatment

Who gets Proliferating Trichilemmal Cyst of Vulva? (Age and Sex Distribution)

• Proliferating Trichilemmal Cyst of Vulva is a rare cyst that is more common in middle-aged and elderly women
• Individuals of all racial and ethnic background may be affected. Worldwide, no geographical localization has been reported

What are the Risk Factors for Proliferating Trichilemmal Cyst of Vulva? (Predisposing Factors)

• Currently, no risk factors have been identified for Proliferating Trichilemmal Cyst of Vulva
• Nevertheless, a positive family history may influence the development of multiple cysts on the body

It is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition. A risk factor increases ones chances of getting a condition compared to an individual without the risk factors. Some risk factors are more important than others.

Also, not having a risk factor does not mean that an individual will not get the condition. It is always important to discuss the effect of risk factors with your healthcare provider.

What are the Causes of Proliferating Trichilemmal Cyst of Vulva? (Etiology)

• The cause of development of Proliferating Trichilemmal Cyst of Vulva is unknown. Research is currently being undertaken to identify the relevant causal factors
• If numerous cysts appear all over the body, then it may be due to a family history of the condition
• Vulvar Proliferating Trichilemmal Cysts are not sexually-transmitted and they do not spread from one individual to another

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Proliferating Trichilemmal Cyst of Vulva?

Most Proliferating Trichilemmal Cysts of Vulva are asymptomatic. In some, the signs and symptoms observed include:

• It usually occurs as a single cyst on the skin of the vulva (external opening to the vagina). It can range in size from 2-10 cm
• The skin over the nodules may have a reddish discoloration
• These cysts are usually painless and non-itchy. They are mostly well-demarcated and firm to touch
• The presence of large cysts can make it difficult to walk or sit

Vulvar Proliferating Trichilemmal Cyst typically occurs as a single cyst that grows slowly. However, in rare cases, multiple cysts may also be seen, when a family history of the condition is present.

How is Proliferating Trichilemmal Cyst of Vulva Diagnosed?

A diagnosis of Proliferating Trichilemmal Cyst of Vulva may involve the following:

• A thorough medical history and physical examination
• Dermoscopy: It is a diagnostic tool where a dermatologist examines the skin using a special magnified lens
• Skin biopsy: A skin biopsy is performed and sent to a laboratory for a pathological examination. The pathologist examines the biopsy under a microscope. After putting together clinical findings, special studies on tissues (if needed) and with microscope findings, the pathologist arrives at a definitive diagnosis

Note: A skin biopsy may be performed to rule out other skin conditions with similar signs and symptoms.

Many clinical conditions may have similar signs and symptoms. Your healthcare provider may perform additional tests to rule out other clinical conditions to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.

What are the possible Complications of Proliferating Trichilemmal Cyst of Vulva?

The Proliferating Trichilemmal Cyst of Vulva generally does not cause any significant complication, in most cases. However, the following factors may be a cause for worry in some individuals:

• Sometimes, the cysts can proliferate and multiply. These cysts have the potential to infiltrate into the local tissues and destroy surrounding structures
• Sometimes, they can rupture, become infected and release pus. When these heal, they can leave a scar behind
• Some women may develop stress and anxiety fearing that the condition is a sexually-transmitted infection
• There may be pain and discomfort during sex causing further emotional stress

How is Proliferating Trichilemmal Cyst of Vulva Treated?

The treatment of Proliferating Trichilemmal Cyst of Vulva may involve the following:

• In a majority of cases, removal of the tumor is not necessary, unless it causes worrisome signs and symptoms
• The treatment of choice is a complete surgical excision, which results in a cure
• Proliferating trichilemmal cysts or pilar tumors should be excised completely, since they can infiltrate into surrounding tissues and damage them

How can Proliferating Trichilemmal Cyst of Vulva be Prevented?

Currently, there are no known methods available to prevent the occurrence of Proliferating Trichilemmal Cyst of Vulva.

What is the Prognosis of Proliferating Trichilemmal Cyst of Vulva? (Outcomes/Resolutions)

The prognosis for Proliferating Trichilemmal Cyst of Vulva is excellent with appropriate surgical treatment, since it is a benign cyst.

Additional and Relevant Useful Information for Proliferating Trichilemmal Cyst of Vulva:

• There is no evidence to prove that oily foods and chocolate-based products have an influence on Proliferating Trichilemmal Cyst of Vulva
• Cleaning the skin too hard with strong chemicals or soaps may aggravate the skin condition. Care must be taken avoid strong soaps and chemicals that could potentially worsen the condition
• The presence of dirt on the body is not a causative factor for the condition. However, it helps to be clean and hygienic, which may help the condition from getting worse