What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

• Chronic Atrial Fibrillation
• Permanent Atrial Fibrillation
• Permanent or Chronic Atrial Fibrillation

What is Permanent (Chronic) Atrial Fibrillation? (Definition/Background Information)

• Permanent or Chronic Atrial Fibrillation is a type of irregular heart rhythm characterized by a continuous and long-lasting presence of atrial fibrillation (AF). Unlike other forms of AF, this subtype does not spontaneously return to a normal heart rhythm; attempts to restore normal sinus rhythm are no longer pursued as part of the treatment strategy
• This condition is generally noted in older adults. The signs and symptoms of Permanent (Chronic) Atrial Fibrillation are similar to other forms of atrial fibrillation and can include palpitations, rapid or irregular heartbeat, chest discomfort, shortness of breath, dizziness, and fatigue
• A diagnosis of Permanent (Chronic) Atrial Fibrillation is typically made through an electrocardiogram (ECG) to confirm the presence of atrial fibrillation during an episode. Additional tests may be conducted to assess the overall health of the heart and identify any underlying conditions
• The management of Permanent (Chronic) Atrial Fibrillation focuses on controlling the heart rate and reducing the risk of complications. Medications, such as rate-controlling drugs and anticoagulants, are often prescribed to help maintain a stable heart rate and prevent blood clots. Cardioversion or catheter ablation procedures may be considered in certain cases to alleviate symptoms, but the primary goal is usually symptom management rather than restoring normal rhythm
• The prognosis for Permanent (Chronic) Atrial Fibrillation varies depending on individual factors, including overall health and the presence of other medical conditions. While Permanent (Chronic) AF is generally not associated with attempts to restore normal rhythm, effective treatment and lifestyle modifications can help individuals lead a fulfilling life while minimizing the risk of complications such as stroke

Who gets Permanent (Chronic) Atrial Fibrillation? (Age and Sex Distribution)

• Permanent (Chronic) Atrial Fibrillation can affect individuals of all ages, but it becomes more prevalent with advancing age
• Both men and women are susceptible to this condition
• It may be observed worldwide, and no particular race or ethnic preference is noted

What are the Risk Factors for Permanent (Chronic) Atrial Fibrillation? (Predisposing Factors)

The risk factors for Permanent (Chronic) Atrial Fibrillation may include:

• Advanced age
• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Heart disease
• Obesity
• Diabetes
• History of previous episodes of atrial fibrillation
• Certain lifestyle factors, such as excessive alcohol consumption and smoking

It is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition. A risk factor increases one’s chances of getting a condition compared to an individual without the risk factors. Some risk factors are more important than others.

Also, not having a risk factor does not mean that an individual will not get the condition. It is always important to discuss the effect of risk factors with your healthcare provider.

What are the Causes of Permanent (Chronic) Atrial Fibrillation? (Etiology)

Permanent (Chronic) Atrial Fibrillation is a form of cardiac arrhythmia characterized by a continuous and irreversible irregular heartbeat originating from the heart's upper chambers (atria). Unlike other types of atrial fibrillation, the irregular rhythm persists despite attempts to restore normal rhythm.

• The causes of Permanent (Chronic) Atrial Fibrillation are similar to those of other types of atrial fibrillation
• Underlying heart conditions, structural abnormalities, and disruptions in the heart's electrical system contribute to the development and persistence of this arrhythmia

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Permanent (Chronic) Atrial Fibrillation?

The signs and symptoms of Permanent (Chronic) Atrial Fibrillation may include:

• Palpitations
• Irregular and rapid heartbeat
• Fatigue
• Shortness of breath
• Dizziness
• Chest discomfort
• Reduced exercise tolerance

How is Permanent (Chronic) Atrial Fibrillation Diagnosed?

A diagnosis of Permanent (Chronic) Atrial Fibrillation may involve the following tests and exams:

• Detailed medical history and physical examination
• Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) to detect and analyze heart rhythm abnormalities during an episode or through continuous monitoring
• Holter monitoring (continuous ECG recording)
• Echocardiogram to evaluate the structure and function of the heart
• Blood tests to assess thyroid function, electrolyte levels, and other factors related to heart health
• Tests to evaluate the heart's electrical activity and its structural health

Many clinical conditions may have similar signs and symptoms. Your healthcare provider may perform additional tests to rule out other clinical conditions to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.

What are the possible Complications of Permanent (Chronic) Atrial Fibrillation?

The complications of Permanent (Chronic) Atrial Fibrillation may include the following:

• Increased risk of stroke due to blood clot formation in the atria
• Heart failure
• Exacerbation of underlying heart conditions

How is Permanent (Chronic) Atrial Fibrillation Treated?

While attempts to restore normal rhythm may be unsuccessful in permanent cases, treatment focuses on controlling heart rate, preventing blood clots, managing symptoms, and addressing underlying conditions. The treatment of Permanent (Chronic) Atrial Fibrillation may involve the following:

• Medications
• Lifestyle modifications
• Surgical interventions, occasionally, as needed

How can Permanent (Chronic) Atrial Fibrillation be Prevented?

The prevention of Permanent (Chronic) Atrial Fibrillation involves managing risk factors through a healthy lifestyle, consistent medical care, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, controlling blood pressure and diabetes, and adhering to prescribed medications.

What is the Prognosis of Permanent (Chronic) Atrial Fibrillation? (Outcomes/Resolutions)

• With proper management and adherence to treatment, many individuals with Permanent or Chronic Atrial Fibrillation can achieve an improved quality of life and symptom control despite the ongoing irregular heartbeat
• Regular follow-up with healthcare providers is essential for managing Permanent (Chronic) AF and adjusting treatment as needed

Additional and Relevant Useful Information for Permanent (Chronic) Atrial Fibrillation:

• Atrial fibrillation is the most common and potentially serious heart rhythm disorder, usually affecting older adults. The characteristic symptoms associated with this condition are rapid and irregular heartbeat, chest discomfort, and shortness of breath

The following resource link may help in better understanding Atrial Fibrillation:

https://www.dovemed.com/diseases-conditions/atrial-fibrillation/