What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

• Chief Cell Predominant Gastric Polyp
• Gastric Oxyntic Gland Adenoma
• Oxyntic Gland Neoplasm of the Stomach

What is Oxyntic Gland Adenoma of Stomach? (Definition/Background Information)

• Oxyntic Gland Adenomas of Stomach are polypoid neoplasms which have differentiation of chief cells or parietal cells or both, when examined by a pathologist on a tissue biopsy under the microscope
• Oxyntic gland adenomas (OGAs) usually occur in the upper third portion of the stomach
• Most of these tumors are asymptomatic and detected incidentally on an endoscopy

Incidence:

• Oxyntic Gland Adenomas of Stomach is a rare type of gastric polyp
• Most cases are diagnosed in adults between the 6th and 7th decades (ages 50 to 70 years)
• Both males and females are affected
• It occurs worldwide, but an increased frequency is noted in certain parts of Japan (Ischia region)

Risk factors and Cause:

• The exact cause of formation of Oxyntic Gland Adenomas of Stomach is currently unknown
• No association of the tumor is noted with Helicobacter pylori infection
• Molecular studies have shown these polyps to have the following:
  • Mutation in GNAS and CTNNB1 genes
  • WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway gene mutations

Signs and symptoms:

• A majority of these polyps are asymptomatic and cause no significant signs and symptoms
• These tumors are usually solitary and range in size from 0.3 cm to 1.8 cm
• A majority of the polyps are less than 1 cm along the greatest dimension

Diagnosis:

• Oxyntic Gland Adenoma of Stomach may be diagnosed via an endoscopy
• Tissue biopsy of the tumor mass can help achieve a definitive diagnosis

Complications: These polyps may rarely show high-grade dysplasia and may undergo malignant transformations.

Treatment:

• A complete surgical excision of Oxyntic Gland Adenoma of Stomach results in a cure
• Close clinical follow-up with periodic endoscopic examinations may be recommended

Prevention: Presently, it is not possible to prevent the formation of these tumors.

Prognosis:

• The prognosis of Oxyntic Gland Adenoma of Stomach is usually good with adequate treatment (surgery)
• These polyps may progress to invasive malignancy, and hence, complete removal is recommended with frequent endoscopy follow-up procedures