What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

• OSNA (Online Social Network Addiction)
• Social Media Addiction
• Social Network Addiction

What is Online Social Network Addiction? (Definition/Background Information)

• Online Social Network Addiction (OSNA) is a condition that is characterized by an impulse to excessively use social media to such an extent that it interferes with many other aspects of one’s daily life. It may be also termed as Social Media Addiction
• Online Social Network Addiction is not a formal clinical disorder at the present time. However, with the rise of social media used for communication, there is an ongoing debate to include it in the next version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM), an authoritative handbook of mental disorders prepared and published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA)
• The cause of Online Social Network Addiction may include both biological and environmental factors. The condition is also associated with low self-esteem and certain pre-existing addictions (such as substance addiction)
• Treatment for Online Social Network Addiction focuses on lifestyle changes that restrict access to social network websites and promote direct face-to-face interactions as a means of communication
• The prognosis of Online Social Network Addiction varies based on each individual case. With sustained treatment, the affected individuals can overcome their addiction and learn to use social media in a healthier manner

Who gets Online Social Network Addiction? (Age and Sex Distribution)

• Online Social Network Addiction primarily affects adolescents and young adults, although individuals of other age groups may also be affected
• This condition can occur in both males and females
• Individuals of all racial and ethnic groups may be affected. The condition is observed to a higher degree in regions having increased internet access

What are the Risk Factors for Online Social Network Addiction? (Predisposing Factors)

Some known risk factors for Online Social Network Addiction may include:

• Personal history of mental disorders such as anxiety and depression
• Family history of mental disorders such as anxiety and depression
• Having a low self-esteem
• Having a limited social life
• Being unable to “fit in” with one’s peers
• Having certain pre-existing addictions, such as substance addiction

It is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition. A risk factor increases one’s chances of getting a condition compared to an individual without the risk factors. Some risk factors are more important than others.

Also, not having a risk factor does not mean that an individual will not get the condition. It is always important to discuss the effect of risk factors with your healthcare provider.

What are the Causes of Online Social Network Addiction? (Etiology)

Online Social Network Addiction may be caused by a combination of biological and environmental factors. These factors may include:

• Personal history of mental disorders such as anxiety and depression
• Having a low self-esteem
• Presence of certain pre-existing addictions
• A possible genetic predisposition (mental disorders such as anxiety and depression running in one’s family)

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Online Social Network Addiction?

Some signs and symptoms of Online Social Network Addiction may include the following:

• Checking social media sites first thing in the morning
• Using social media as a method of procrastination; neglecting one’s studies and work
• Consistently documenting every moment on social media
• Compulsively checking online notifications
• Preferring to use social media for communication instead of having face-to-face interactions
• Craving attention and validation from online peers

How is Online Social Network Addiction Diagnosed?

Online Social Network Addiction is not a clinical disorder as of yet, so the diagnosis varies for each individual. The following methods may aid in determining if an individual is affected by this condition:

• Complete physical evaluation
• Comprehensive analysis of personal and family medical history
• Thorough assessment of time spent on social media sites
• Differential diagnosis to rule out other disorders that may be present with similar signs and symptoms

Many clinical conditions may have similar signs and symptoms. Your healthcare provider may perform additional tests to rule out other clinical conditions to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.

What are the possible Complications of Online Social Network Addiction?

The complications of Online Social Network Addiction may include the following:

• Decreased productivity
• Decreased self-esteem
• Fatigue and stress
• High levels of anxiety and depression
• Physical health problems, such as neck and back pains, bad eyesight, etc.
• Loneliness from limited face-to-face interactions

How is Online Social Network Addiction Treated?

The treatment options for Online Social Network Addiction may include:

• Bringing about lifestyle changes, which is the primary method of treatment
  • Restricting time spent on social media
  • Removing online notifications
  • Deleting social media applications (apps)
  • Occupying oneself with other activities
  • Creating a reward system for refraining from social media use
  • Increased support from family and friends
• Meditation and relaxation techniques
• Medication for associated anxiety and depression

How can Online Social Network Addiction be Prevented?

The following methods may aid in preventing the onset of Online Social Network Addiction:

• Communicating through face-to-face interactions rather than social media engagements
• Limiting time spent on social media
• Participating in outdoor activities
• Spending more time with family and in the company of friends

What is the Prognosis of Online Social Network Addiction? (Outcomes/Resolutions)

• The prognosis for Online Social Network Addiction may be determined on a case-by-case basis, and may vary depending on the severity of the disorder and associated complications
• With sustained treatment and changing unhealthy lifestyle habits, the affected individuals may be able to overcome their addiction and learn to use social media in a healthy manner

Additions and Relevant Useful Information for Online Social Network Addiction:

The following DoveMed website link is a useful resource for additional information:

https://www.dovemed.com/healthy-living/emotional-well-being/