What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

• Askanazi Cell Adenoma of Thyroid
• Hürthle Cell Adenoma of the Thyroid Gland
• Hurthle Cell Adenoma of Thyroid

What is Oncocytic Adenoma of Thyroid? (Definition/Background Information)

• Oncocytic Adenoma of Thyroid is a benign tumor that originates from oncocytes (or Hurthle cells), a type of cell found in the thyroid gland. It is typically diagnosed in middle-aged or older women
• It is also known as Hurthle Cell Adenoma of Thyroid. The cause of tumor formation is not well-understood, although it may be influenced by factors such as a history of thyroid disorders (goiter and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis)
• The tumor may not cause noticeable symptoms in some cases but can present as a neck lump or goiter. A diagnosis of Oncocytic Adenoma of Thyroid involves physical examination, thyroid function tests, imaging tests, and a biopsy
• The treatment options may include observation, surgical removal, or radioactive iodine ablation, if necessary. The prognosis of Oncocytic Adenoma of Thyroid is generally good with adequate treatment. Regular monitoring and follow-up visits are important to detect any recurrence or complications

Who gets Oncocytic Adenoma of Thyroid? (Age and Sex Distribution)

• Oncocytic Adenoma of Thyroid can affect individuals of any age and gender
• However, it is more commonly diagnosed in women and typically occurs in individuals over the age of 40. The male-female ratio is around 1:8
• Presently, no racial or ethnic group preference is reported

What are the Risk Factors for Oncocytic Adenoma of Thyroid? (Predisposing Factors)

While the exact risk factors for Oncocytic Adenoma of Thyroid are unclear, certain factors may increase the likelihood of developing this condition. These include:

• Gender: Women are much more commonly affected than men
• Advancing age: Oncocytic adenoma is more frequently diagnosed in individuals over the age of 40
• History of thyroid diseases: A history of thyroid conditions, such as goiter or Hashimoto's thyroiditis, may increase one’s risk

It is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition. A risk factor increases one’s chances of getting a condition compared to an individual without the risk factors. Some risk factors are more important than others.

Also, not having a risk factor does not mean that an individual will not get the condition. It is always important to discuss the effect of risk factors with your healthcare provider.

What are the Causes of Oncocytic Adenoma of Thyroid? (Etiology)

The exact cause of development of Oncocytic Adenoma of Thyroid is presently unknown.

• This adenoma is a non-cancerous (benign) tumor that develops in the thyroid gland and is characterized by an overgrowth of oncocytic cells (oncocytes or Hürthle cells)
• These cells are a type of follicular thyroid cells that play a role in producing and storing thyroid hormones
• Oncocytic adenoma is considered a subtype of follicular adenoma

Oncocytic Adenoma of Thyroid is believed to arise from genetic mutations or alterations in the DNA of the oncocytes. These mutations can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and the formation of adenomas.

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Oncocytic Adenoma of Thyroid?

Oncocytic Adenoma of Thyroid may not cause any noticeable signs and symptoms in some individuals. When symptoms do occur, they can be similar to those of other thyroid nodules or conditions and may include:

• A painless lump or nodule in the neck
• Swelling or enlargement of the thyroid gland (goiter)
• Difficulty swallowing or breathing if the tumor grows large enough to compress nearby structures
• Neck pain or discomfort

How is Oncocytic Adenoma of Thyroid Diagnosed?

To diagnose Oncocytic Adenoma of Thyroid, healthcare providers may perform several tests, including:

• Physical examination: A thorough examination of the neck to check for any abnormalities or nodules
• Thyroid function tests: Blood tests to evaluate the levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
• Radiological imaging studies: Ultrasound, CT, or MRI scan to visualize the thyroid and identify any nodules or tumors
• Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy: A procedure in which a small sample of tissue is collected from the thyroid nodule using a thin needle for further examination under a microscope

Many clinical conditions may have similar signs and symptoms. Your healthcare provider may perform additional tests to rule out other clinical conditions to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.

What are the possible Complications of Oncocytic Adenoma of Thyroid?

Most Oncocytic Adenomas of Thyroid are benign and do not pose significant complications. However, in rare cases, complications may include:

• Transformation to oncocytic carcinoma of thyroid: Although uncommon, there is a small risk of oncocytic adenoma progressing to a malignant (cancerous) form called oncocytic carcinoma
• Recurrence: In some instances, the adenoma may recur after surgical removal, requiring further treatment or monitoring

How is Oncocytic Adenoma of Thyroid Treated?

The treatment for Oncocytic Adenoma of Thyroid may depend on several factors, including the size of the tumor, symptoms, and the risk of malignancy. The treatment options may include:

• Observation: If the tumor is small and not causing any symptoms or concerns, a "wait-and-watch" approach may be taken, with regular monitoring of the tumor's growth
• Surgery: Surgical removal of the adenoma (thyroidectomy) may be recommended for larger tumors, those causing symptoms, or if there is suspicion of malignancy
• Radioactive iodine ablation: This treatment may be considered if there is a risk of cancerous transformation or recurrence after surgery

How can Oncocytic Adenoma of Thyroid be Prevented?

There are no specific measures known to prevent the development of Oncocytic Adenoma of Thyroid. However, maintaining overall thyroid health and regular check-ups with a healthcare provider can help detect any abnormalities or nodules in the thyroid gland at an early stage.

What is the Prognosis of Oncocytic Adenoma of Thyroid? (Outcomes/Resolutions)

The prognosis for Oncocytic Adenoma of Thyroid is generally excellent, as most cases are non-cancerous and can be effectively treated with surgical removal

• The long-term outlook is favorable, particularly for small tumors that are completely removed
• Regular follow-up visits with a healthcare provider are recommended to monitor the condition and assess for any potential recurrence

Additional and Relevant Useful Information for Oncocytic Adenoma of Thyroid:

The following link is a useful resource for information on cancers and benign tumors on DoveMed:

https://www.dovemed.com/diseases-conditions/cancer/