What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

• Mixed Neuroendocrine Neoplasm of the Bladder

What is Mixed Neuroendocrine Neoplasm of the Urinary Bladder? (Definition/Background Information)

• Mixed Neuroendocrine Neoplasm of the Urinary Bladder is a rare high-grade neuroendocrine tumor that is seen in the urinary tract
• These tumors are uncommon and histologically consists of neuroendocrine features and non-neuroendocrine component such as squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, or urothelial carcinoma
• Neuroendocrine tumors in bladder locations is known to be mixed with non-neuroendocrine components in over 50% of cases

Incidence:

• It is estimated that 1 in 10 mixed neuroendocrine neoplasms may be present in the urinary bladder 
• A vast majority of cases are noted in adults
• Both males and females are affected
• All races and ethnic groups are at risk

Risk factors: The risk factors are presently unknown.

Cause: The cause of tumor formation is presently unknown.

Signs and symptoms:

• The signs and symptoms may vary from one individual to another
• Tumors involving the bladder may present blood in urine, urination difficulties, and abdominal pain

Diagnosis:

• Blood and urine tests
• Radiological studies
  • Ultrasound of abdomen
  • CT and MRI scan of abdomen
• Tissue biopsy of the tumor is important to arrive at a definitive diagnosis: A careful examination of the biopsy, and often, multiple special studies may be necessary to arrive at the diagnosis

Complications:

• Emotional stress
• Tumor metastasis to different organs and regions
• Incomplete removal resulting in tumor recurrence

Treatment:

• The staging is based on American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification
• Treatment depends on cancer stage and health of the individual
• It may require a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy

Prevention: Presently, it is not possible to prevent the formation of Mixed Neuroendocrine Neoplasm of the Genitourinary System.

Prognosis:

• The prognosis depends on the stage of the tumor
• Nevertheless, the prognosis of Mixed Neuroendocrine Neoplasm of the Bladder is generally poor