What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

• Mixed Neuroendocrine Neoplasm of the Prostate Gland
• Prostatic Mixed Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

What is Mixed Neuroendocrine Neoplasm of the Prostate? (Definition/Background Information)

• Mixed Neuroendocrine Neoplasm of the Prostate is an extremely rare high-grade neuroendocrine tumor that is seen in the prostate gland
• These tumors are uncommon and histologically consists of neuroendocrine features and non-neuroendocrine component such as squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, or urothelial carcinoma
• The prostate is a gland that encircles the urethra in males. It secretes a fluid that forms a part of semen

Incidence:

• Mixed Neuroendocrine Neoplasm of the Prostate is an exceedingly rare tumor
• A vast majority of prostate cancer cases are noted in men over the age of 45 years
• All races and ethnic groups are at risk

Risk factors: The risk factors are presently unknown.

Cause:

• The cause of tumor formation is presently unknown
• There are numerous mutations that have been detected including mutations in the TP53, RB1, and PTEN genes

Signs and symptoms:

The common signs and symptoms that may be noted include:

• Hematuria (blood in urine)
• Frequent urination at night (nocturia)
• Pain when urinating
• Abnormal pain in the bones
• Hematospermia (blood in semen)

Diagnosis:

• Blood and urine tests such as prostate specific antigen (PSA) test
• Radiological studies
  • Ultrasound of abdomen
  • CT and MRI scan of abdomen
• Tissue biopsy of the tumor is important to arrive at a definitive diagnosis: A careful examination of the biopsy with multiple special studies may be needed to arrive at the diagnosis
• Prostatic adenocarcinomas, especially those with high Gleason grade scores have focal neuroendocrine features by immunohistochemical studies

Complications:

• Emotional stress
• Tumor metastasis to different organs and regions
• Incomplete removal resulting in tumor recurrence

Treatment:

• The staging is based on American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification
• Treatment depends on cancer stage and health of the individual
• It may require a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy

Prevention: Presently, it is not possible to prevent the formation of Mixed Neuroendocrine Neoplasm of the Prostate Gland.

Prognosis:

• The prognosis depends on the stage of the tumor
• Nevertheless, the prognosis of Mixed Neuroendocrine Neoplasm of the Prostate is generally poor