What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

• Hyperkeratosis Follicularis et Parafollicularis in Cutem Penetrans

What is Kyrle Disease? (Definition/Background Information)

• Kyrle Disease is a form of acquired perforating dermatosis (APD), which is an uncommon skin condition that occurs in individuals undergoing dialysis. Kyrle Disease generally affects middle-aged and elderly women
• The cause of development of Kyrle Disease is unknown. It is mostly seen in adults who may have longstanding and poorly-controlled diabetes or renal failure
• Kyrle Disease is characterized by the presence of multiple small papules on the extremities and the head and neck region. There may be an absence of pain, but the papules can be extremely itchy
• The treatment for Kyrle Disease may include the use of topical creams and moisturizers, medications for itching, and phototherapy. The prognosis of the condition is based upon the severity of the underlying condition associated with it

Who gets Kyrle Disease? (Age and Sex Distribution)

• Kyrle Disease is a rare condition that is seen in adults in the age group 20-60 years, with an average age of presentation at 30 years
• Even though both males and females are affected, females are affected much more than males in a 6:1 ratio
• The condition can occur worldwide; individuals of all racial and ethnic background may be affected

What are the Risk Factors for Kyrle Disease? (Predisposing Factors)

The risk factors for Kyrle Disease include the following:

• Chronic kidney failure
• Poorly-controlled diabetes

It is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition. A risk factor increases ones chances of getting a condition compared to an individual without the risk factors. Some risk factors are more important than others.

Also, not having a risk factor does not mean that an individual will not get the condition. It is always important to discuss the effect of risk factors with your healthcare provider.

What are the Causes of Kyrle Disease? (Etiology)

Presently, the exact cause of Kyrle Disease development is unknown.

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Kyrle Disease?

The signs and symptoms of Kyrle Disease may include:

• A collection of small papules; the hyperkeratotic papules are seen with a central keratotic plug
• It occurs on the arms and legs (extremities) and head and neck region; frequently, it spares the palms and soles
• The skin lesions are usually painless, but may be itchy
• The symptoms are seen to appear and disappear (come and go)

How is Kyrle Disease Diagnosed?

The following are the diagnostic methods that may be used for Kyrle Disease:

• A thorough physical examination and a complete medical history are very crucial diagnostic tools
• Test for blood glucose levels; hemoglobin A1c
• Kidney and liver function tests
• Dermoscopy: Dermoscopy is a diagnostic tool where a dermatologist examines the skin using a special magnified lens
• Skin biopsy: A skin biopsy is performed and sent to a laboratory for a pathological examination. The pathologist examines the biopsy under a microscope. After putting together clinical findings, special studies on tissues (if needed) and with microscope findings, the pathologist arrives at a definitive diagnosis

Many clinical conditions may have similar signs and symptoms. Your healthcare provider may perform additional tests to rule out other clinical conditions to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.

What are the possible Complications of Kyrle Disease?

The complications due to Kyrle Disease may include:

• Kyrle Disease can be a longstanding and chronic condition
• Chronic itching can result in scarring of the skin, leading to self-image issues, emotional and psychological stress
• Bacterial and fungal infections: The condition can cause continuous itching and scaling of the skin, which creates skin moistness, providing a suitable environment for bacteria and fungi to grow and thrive

How is Kyrle Disease Treated?

Treatment strategies that may be adopted in the management of Kyrle Disease include:

• The treatment and management of the underlying condition is very important
• Use of topical steroids
• Phototherapy: The use of light therapy to treat the skin condition
• Topical retinoids such as tretinoin or tazarotene
• Oral retinoids (vitamin A and acitretin isotretinoin) in severe cases
• Anti-itching medication
• Laser ablation can be attempted in some individuals
• For mild skin conditions, self-care measures are recommended, such as washing with mild (antibacterial) soap and applying warm compress
• Follow-up care with regular screening and checkups are important

A few self-care tips and home remedies recommended for Kyrle Disease may include:

• Completely avoid scratching the affected areas
• A comfortable, cool bath may help soothe the skin; but, avoid excessive washing and scrubbing of the skin
• Wear smooth cotton clothes
• Use only mild perfumes, soaps, and detergents
• Keeping the skin moist can help in reducing the signs and symptoms of Kyrle Disease

How can Kyrle Disease be Prevented?

• Currently, there are no specific methods or guidelines to prevent Kyrle Disease
• However, the proper treatment and control of diabetes and other disorders can be ensured to lower one’s risk for Kyrle Disease

What is the Prognosis of Kyrle Disease? (Outcomes/Resolutions)

• The prognosis of Kyrle Disease is dependent upon the underlying condition associated with it
• Regular follow up visits with the healthcare providers are important

Additional and Relevant Useful Information for Kyrle Disease:

Cleaning the skin too hard with strong chemicals or soaps may aggravate the skin condition. Care must be taken avoid strong soaps and chemicals that could potentially worsen the condition.