What are the other Names of this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

• Compulsive Thieving
• Impulsive Stealing
• Pathological Stealing

What is Kleptomania? (Definition/Background Information)

• Kleptomania is the failure to resist the urge of stealing. It is termed as an impulse-control disorder and individuals with the disorder are known as kleptomaniacs
• Kleptomaniacs do not steal objects, because they are of any value or for monetary gains; instead, they steal just on the basis of a compulsive urge to steal
• This disorder is often found in combination with other psychological issues, such as drug-abuse, eating disorders, etc. However, there no established causes for Kleptomania
• A diagnosis of Kleptomania is made by looking for the typical signs that includes relief while stealing and regretful behavior after the act. In all cases, there are legal complications; apart from this, in some individuals substance-abuse and depression may also be observed
• Medication and therapy through counseling are the two main forms of treatment for Kleptomania. The therapy focuses on the possible underlying causes for the condition. Medications, such as anti-depressant and mood stabilizers, may also be prescribed
• This disorder may be treated and managed to some extent; though in many individuals, the behavior may not be controlled and the urge to steal remains

Who gets Kleptomania? (Age and Sex Distribution)

• Kleptomania is a rare disorder; estimates indicate that about 0.6% of the population may be affected by this disorder
• It is generally more prevalent in females than in males
• There is no known ethnic group or racial preference and no geographical predisposition has been noted

What are the Risk Factors for Kleptomania? (Predisposing Factors)

The risk factors for Kleptomania may include:

• Often times, Kleptomania is seen in individuals with other psychological disorders, such as depression, substance-abuse, eating disorders, and other impulse-disorders (like pyromania)
• Studies show that obsessive-compulsive disorder has a 7% correlation with Kleptomania, while bulimia (a type of eating disorder) has up to a 65% correlation
• A family history of Kleptomania
• Head trauma may increase one’s risk for developing this disorder

It is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition. A risk factor increases ones chances of getting a condition compared to an individual without the risk factors. Some risk factors are more important than others.

Also, not having a risk factor does not mean that an individual will not get the condition. It is always important to discuss the effect of risk factors with your healthcare provider.

What are the Causes of Kleptomania? (Etiology)

Currently, there are no known or specific causes for the development of Kleptomania.

• There is speculation that chemical imbalances in the brain may be involved
• There is also some evidence to suggest that genetics plays a role

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Kleptomania?

The signs and symptoms of Kleptomania may include:

• A compulsion of stealing objects that are not of any (or much) value
• Increased anxiety, stress before stealing
• A sense of relief or pleasure while stealing
• Feeling regretful after the deed of theft

How is Kleptomania Diagnosed?

There are no specific tests or procedures to diagnose Kleptomania. The following may be considered by the healthcare provider:

• Physical examination with medical history evaluation
• A recurrent pattern of stealing objects without any need, or the stolen objects are of no value to the individual, is the key symptom that aids in the diagnosis
• Other symptoms used to diagnose Kleptomania include:
  • Increased tension and anxiety preceding the act of stealing
  • A feeling of relief or pleasure during the theft
  • Regretful feelings and thoughts after the theft
• The diagnosis may be narrowed to Kleptomania, after all other explanations (behind the reason for stealing) have been completely ruled-out

Many clinical conditions may have similar signs and symptoms. Your healthcare provider may perform additional tests to rule out other clinical conditions to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.

What are the possible Complications of Kleptomania?

The complications of Kleptomania may include the following:

• Legal problems and troubles, which may lead to incarceration/imprisonment
• The presence of other co-existing impulse-control disorders, such as compulsive gambling
• Unmanageable financial debt
• Drug and alcohol abuse
• Depression and suicidal behavior, due to regret and shame

How is Kleptomania Treated?

The treatment measures for Kleptomania may involve the following:

• Counseling with a psychologist to find the underlying reason. The counseling may be done individually, in a group, or with the family members
• Psychotherapy: It can be either individual-based or group therapy. The most common type of therapy is cognitive-behavior therapy:
  • Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): It is a form of psychotherapy that focuses on changing harmful thinking patterns, feelings, and behavior
  • This therapy attempts to convert those irrational beliefs into rational ones, which do not cause depression, anxiety, or anger
• Sometimes, medications may be prescribed, which include antidepressants, anti-seizure medications, antipsychotics, and anti-addiction medication

How can Kleptomania be Prevented?

• The cause of Kleptomania is unknown, and currently, there are no specific prevention strategies available
• However, in general, good mental health practices may be effective in reducing the incidences of Kleptomania

What is the Prognosis of Kleptomania? (Outcomes/Resolutions)

• The prognosis for Kleptomania varies from one individual to another. It is dependent upon on the kind of support structure, personal motivation, and other psychological disorders the individual may have
• With ample treatment and support from one’s family and friends, most individuals with this disorder can expect to see a significant decrease in their symptoms and the urge to steal. They often lead healthy lives with no serious medical complications being noticed
• A greater public awareness about Kleptomania is mandatory to ensure that every individual with this disorder has the opportunity to access resources, adequate treatment, and support, on their road to recovery. A better understanding of the condition helps in better outcomes and prognosis
• Very few individuals recover completely, and relapses are often common

Additional and Relevant Useful Information for Kleptomania:

• Kleptomania is different from shoplifting. Shoplifters steal, because the object has some monetary value
• Kleptomania has previously been used as a legal defense for stealing