What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

• ICD (Impulse Control Disorder)

What is Impulse Control Disorder? (Definition/Background Information)

• Impulse Control Disorder is a mental disorder that is characterized by an inability to control one’s harmful urges and behaviors, resulting in impaired functioning
• Some common disorders that fall under this category are kleptomania (impulse to steal), pyromania (impulse to set fires), and compulsive sexual behavior (uncontrollable thoughts and behaviors about sexual activities)
• Impulse Control Disorder begins with an increasing level of arousal and anticipation before committing the act, a feeling of pleasure and gratification during the act, and a feeling of guilt and regret afterwards
• Individuals may develop the disorder due to both biological and environmental factors, however the exact cause of this disorder is still unknown
• Impulse Control Disorder can result in complications, such as trouble maintaining relationships, academic failure, and criminal activity
• The condition may be treated using a combination of psychotherapy and medication depending on the individual’s signs and symptoms present
• The length of treatment may determine outcomes, since an individual who has been in therapy for longer periods of time may have fewer complications and a better prognosis

Who gets Impulse Control Disorder? (Age and Sex Distribution)

• Impulse Control Disorder affects about 10% of the general population
• Symptoms can manifest between late adolescence to early adulthood
• Males may be slightly more prone to Impulse Control Disorder than females
• Worldwide, all racial and ethnic groups may be affected

What are the Risk Factors for Impulse Control Disorder? (Predisposing Factors)

The risk factors for the development of Impulse Control Disorder include:

• Family history of mood disorders
• Family history of substance abuse
• Personal history of substance abuse 
• Unstable childhood (such as through violence, abuse, trauma, neglect, etc.)

It is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition. A risk factor increases one's chances of getting a condition compared to an individual without the risk factors. Some risk factors are more important than others.

Also, not having a risk factor does not mean that an individual will not get the condition. It is always important to discuss the effect of risk factors with your healthcare provider.

What are the Causes of Impulse Control Disorder? (Etiology)

The exact cause of Impulse Control Disorder has not yet been identified. However individuals may develop this disorder due to a combination of the following biological and environmental factors:

• Biological
  • Abnormalities in parts of the brain responsible for memory, functions, emotions, willpower, and decision-making 
  • Medical disorders, such as seizures, may cause an imbalance in brain chemistry
  • Elevated levels of hormones related to aggression, such as testosterone
  • Family history of mental illness 
• Environmental
  • Chronic stress
  • Unstable childhood (violence and abuse) 
  • History of substance abuse

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Impulse Control Disorder?

The signs and symptoms of Impulse Control Disorder include:

• Aggression
• Acting out risky behaviors
• Stealing or playing with fire
• Compulsive lying
• Difficulty in concentration due to intrusive thoughts
• Lack of patience in trivial matters

How is Impulse Control Disorder Diagnosed?

Impulse Control Disorder may be diagnosed using a combination of the following physical and psychiatric examinations:

• Complete physical evaluation
• Thorough analysis of personal and family medical history, with emphasis on medication or substance use that may be causing the impulsive behavior
• Assessment of exhibited behaviors using the criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5)

Many clinical conditions may have similar signs and symptoms. Your healthcare provider may perform additional tests to rule out other clinical conditions to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.

What are possible Complications of Impulse Control Disorder?

The following complications may be observed for Impulse Control Disorder:

• Low self-esteem
• Academic and occupational difficulties
• Difficulty developing and maintaining interpersonal relationships
• Criminal activity
• Self-injurious behaviors such as burning or cutting oneself
• Suicidal thoughts and behaviors

How is Impulse Control Disorder Treated?

Treatment of Impulse Control Disorder may include a combination of the following methods:

• Psychotherapy: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) aims to change dysfunctional thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
• Medication: Anti-depressants may aid in improving aggressive tendencies and prevent impulsive behaviors
• Family intervention: The support and understanding of family and friends may be beneficial to individuals with Impulse Control Disorder

How can Impulse Control Disorder be Prevented?

Presently, there are no methods of guidelines available for the prevention of Impulse Control Disorder; however, the following factors may prevent progression into a severe disorder:

• Early diagnosis of signs and symptoms 
• Avoiding the use of alcohol and drugs 
• Seeking professional help following an unstable childhood or trauma

What is the Prognosis of Impulse Control Disorder? (Outcomes/Resolutions)

The prognosis of Impulse Control Disorder is as follows:

• Individuals, undergoing long-term consistent treatment have a better prognosis, as they are able to learn to control their impulses better with time
• Individuals, who either decline treatment, or do not respond to treatment may have certain complications, which may eventually affect the quality of life

Additions and Relevant Useful Information for Impulse Control Disorder:

The following DoveMed website link is a useful resource for additional information:

https://www.dovemed.com/healthy-living/emotional-well-being/