What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

• Adenocarcinoma, HPV-Independent, Mesonephric Type, of the Uterine Cervix
• HPV-Independent Mesonephric Type Cervical Adenocarcinoma
• Human Papillomavirus Independent Mesonephric-Type Adenocarcinoma of Cervix

What is HPV-Independent Mesonephric-Type Adenocarcinoma of the Uterine Cervix? (Definition/Background Information)

• HPV-Independent Mesonephric-Type Adenocarcinoma of the Uterine Cervix is a type of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is a malignancy of the uterine cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus/womb. It is a very common cancer in women worldwide. The cervix is the tube-like structure that connects the uterus to the vagina. Almost all cervical cancers are believed to originate from a premalignant lesion
• The development of cervical cancer occurs slowly and the process of precancerous changes leading to invasive cancer, generally takes place over decades. Hence, periodic screening of women with Pap smears helps in early detection and management of any precancerous change, before a full-blown malignancy develops. Cervical cancer is frequently preventable through early screening programs and HPV vaccinations
• Adenocarcinomas arise from the glandular cells of the inner portion of the cervix (the endocervix). After squamous cell cancers, cervical adenocarcinomas are the second most common type of tumors affecting the cervix. This differentiation is based on the appearance of cells when observed under a microscope by the pathologist. Almost all variants of cervical adenocarcinomas are related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
• HPV-Independent Mesonephric-Type Cervical Adenocarcinoma is the development of invasive carcinoma in the background of HPV-negative status i.e., it is not caused by HPV-related infection. Much less than 1% of all cervical adenocarcinomas are the mesonephric-type variants, a rare subtype that is observed in middle-aged and slightly older women (average age 53 years)
• The cause of development of HPV-Independent Adenocarcinoma of the Uterine Cervix, Mesonephric-Type is not well-understood. The origin of the tumor is from the mesonephric remnants in the cervical stroma (deep cervical wall). KRAS gene mutations and gains on chromosome 1q are seen in most of the cases; over 65% show mutations in the ARID1A/B or SMARCA4 gene
• These tumors can grow to large sizes (polypoid masses) and extend into the lower uterine segment. HPV-Independent Mesonephric-Type Adenocarcinoma of the Uterine Cervix can cause abdominal pain, abnormal vaginal bleeding and discharge, painful intercourse, including uterine prolapse. Abnormal Pap smears may warrant further investigations including a cervical biopsy to definitively diagnose the tumor
• A treatment of HPV-Independent Mesonephric-Type Cervical Adenocarcinoma is based on the cancer staging and presenting signs and symptoms. This may involve a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. The outcomes are generally unpredictable. Studies indicate that the tumor may have nearly the same outcome as conventional cervical adenocarcinomas. Recurrences and tumor metastasis (to the mediastinum and lung) are not uncommon and may occur after several years