What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

• CGPD (Childhood Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis)
• Childhood Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis (CGPD)
• GPD (Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis)

What is Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis? (Definition/Background Information)

• Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis (GPD) is a skin disorder in which a profuse collection of papules are seen on the eyes, nose, and mouth. This can result in redness of skin, scaly skin, and itchiness in some cases
• It is considered to be a variant of periorificial dermatitis (also known as perioral dermatitis). The condition is generally observed following the use of steroidal medicines or topical applications containing steroids
• Children and adolescents are commonly affected by Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis. The use of any medication containing steroids may be a risk factor for the skin condition
• The condition does not cause significant complications and is not known to recur after resolution, unlike periorificial dermatitis. A tissue biopsy can help in a definitive diagnosis of Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis, based on the presence of granulomas
• The treatment for Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis may include the use of topical creams and moisturizers, antibiotics, and laser surgery for cosmetic issues
• The prognosis of Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis is excellent with appropriate treatment. The condition is not known to recur following appropriate treatment

Who gets Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis? (Age and Sex Distribution)

• Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis (GPD) is a skin disorder that usually affects young children and adolescents. Hence, it is also known as Childhood Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis
• GPD is also observed in adults, but is rare
• It can affect both males and females
• The condition can occur worldwide; individuals of all racial and ethnic background may be affected

What are the Risk Factors for Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis? (Predisposing Factors)

The risk factors for Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis include:

• Steroidal medications
• Topical creams containing steroids

It is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition. A risk factor increases ones chances of getting a condition compared to an individual without the risk factors. Some risk factors are more important than others.

Also, not having a risk factor does not mean that an individual will not get the condition. It is always important to discuss the effect of risk factors with your healthcare provider.

What are the Causes of Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis? (Etiology)

• The exact cause of Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis development is unknown
• In majority of cases, it occurs after use of oral or topical steroids; the steroids may have been prescribed for some other (skin) condition
• There is no definitive proof that certain types of diet play a role in the development of this skin condition
• GPD is not contagious and does not spread from one individual to another

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis?

The signs and symptoms of Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis may include:

• The presence of multiple papules (profuse collection) around the eyes, nose, and mouth
• The skin is red in the affected areas (facial rashes); the skin can be dry and flaky
• In some, the papules may sting and burn; there may be itching sensation
• The papules are usually persistent

How is Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis Diagnosed?

A diagnosis of Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis is clinically arrived at by analyzing the classical signs and symptoms of the condition and a tissue biopsy. The following are the diagnostic methods that may be used:

• A thorough physical examination and a complete medical history
• Dermoscopy: Dermoscopy is a diagnostic tool where a dermatologist examines the skin using a special magnified lens
• Culture studies may be performed to rule out a bacterial infection
• Skin biopsy: A skin biopsy is performed and sent to a laboratory for a pathological examination. The pathologist examines the biopsy under a microscope. After putting together clinical findings, special studies on tissues (if needed) and with microscope findings, the pathologist arrives at a definitive diagnosis

Note: A granulomatous inflammation may be seen on the tissue biopsy, which is examined by a pathologist.

Many clinical conditions may have similar signs and symptoms. Your healthcare provider may perform additional tests to rule out other clinical conditions to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.

What are the possible Complications of Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis?

Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis (GPD) does not result in any significant complications in most cases. However, if the condition is severe, then the following complications may be observed:

• Chronic itching and scaling of the skin may cause the skin to become thick, discolored, and leathery
• Bacterial and fungal infections: If GPD causes continuous itching and scaling of the skin, it can result in moist skin, which provides a suitable environment for secondary infections
• The presence of skin infections and scarred skin on the face can cause self-image issues (cosmetic concerns) and emotional stress

How is Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis Treated?

The following treatment measures may be adopted to manage Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis include:

• Self-care measures may be used for mild skin conditions, which include the use of mild (antibacterial) soap and warm compress
• Topical creams and applications
• Oral and systemic antibiotics
• For cosmetic issues, laser ablative surgery may be considered
• Follow-up care with regular screening and checkups

A few self-care tips and home remedies for Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis may include:

• Complete avoidance of scratching
• Avoidance of excessive washing and scrubbing of the skin during bathing; taking cool showers
• Wearing smooth cotton clothes
• Use of mild perfumes, soaps, and detergents
• Keeping the skin moist can help in reducing the signs and symptoms caused by Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis

How can Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis be Prevented?

Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis may not be prevented, but avoiding steroidal creams and medicines can greatly reduce one’s risk for the condition.

What is the Prognosis of Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis? (Outcomes/Resolutions)

• The prognosis of Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis is excellent with appropriate treatment
• The condition is not known to recur after a successful treatment
• Regular follow up visits with the healthcare providers are important

Additional and Relevant Useful Information for Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis:

The presence of dirt on the body is not a causative factor for Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis. However, it helps to be clean and hygienic, which will help the condition from getting worse.