What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Symptoms)

• Glomeruloid Haemangioma
• Glomeruloid Hemangioma and POEMS Syndrome
• Glomeruloid Hemangioma in POEMS Syndrome

What is Glomeruloid Hemangioma? (Definition/Background Information)

• Hemangiomas are benign malformation of blood vessels that can occur in a number of tissues such as the brain, kidney, liver, lung, skin, and nasal cavity
• Glomeruloid Hemangiomas are rare, benign growths composed of small blood vessels that occur on skin tissues, anywhere in the body
• These tumors occur frequently in patients with POEMS syndrome (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes syndrome), a rare disorder that affects multiple body systems
• In many cases, Glomeruloid Hemangioma is an indicator of POEMS syndrome. If this tumor is present, then suitable tests should be conducted to examine for POEMS syndrome
• The cause for development of Glomeruloid Hemangioma is not yet well understood. Some studies though, show a genetic component
• If the Glomeruloid Hemangiomas are asymptomatic, they may not require any treatment. In case they need to be treated, then the treatment options include a surgical removal of the tumor
• The prognosis of the tumor is generally excellent on surgical excision; however, if it is linked to POEMS syndrome, the outcome is dependent upon the underlying condition

Who gets Glomeruloid Hemangioma? (Age and Sex Distribution)

• Glomeruloid Hemangioma may affect individuals of any age
• It can affect individuals of all races, ethnic backgrounds, and both genders across the world

What are the Risk Factors for Glomeruloid Hemangioma? (Predisposing Factors)

The following risk factors contribute to Glomeruloid Hemangioma development:

• POEMS syndrome: Approximately 25-45% of the individuals with this disorder have Glomeruloid Hemangioma
• Individuals with a positive family history are more likely to develop the condition

It is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition. A risk factor increases ones chances of getting a condition compared to an individual without the risk factors. Some risk factors are more important than others.

Also, not having a risk factor does not mean that an individual will not get the condition. It is always important to discuss the effect of risk factors with your healthcare provider.

What are the Causes of Glomeruloid Hemangioma? (Etiology)

• The exact cause for development of Glomeruloid Hemangioma is unknown
• Many individuals with this hemangioma type may be affected by POEMS syndrome
• There may be genetic mutations involved, since family history is a risk factor

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Glomeruloid Hemangioma?

Glomeruloid Hemangiomas are generally asymptomatic and do not present any signs and symptoms. In some, the following clinical indications may be observed:

• The presence of small, raised, pink-purple skin papules on the chest, back, arms, and thighs
• The tumors may be single or multiple and present anywhere on the body
• Sometimes, these benign tumors may rupture and bleed, if they are injured

How is Glomeruloid Hemangioma Diagnosed?

A diagnosis for Glomeruloid Hemangioma includes evaluating the clinical history (physical exam) and a thorough family history. Other tools to help diagnose the condition may include:

• A visual assessment by the dermatologist
• CT and MRI scan of the affected region: Some tumors may be incidentally discovered during imaging for other reasons
• The presence of Glomeruloid Hemangioma is an indicator of POEMS syndrome and tests should be performed to check for the disorder
• Skin biopsy: A skin biopsy is performed and sent to a laboratory for a pathological examination, who examines the biopsy under a microscope. After putting together clinical findings, special studies on tissues (if needed) and with microscope findings, the pathologist arrives at a definitive diagnosis
• If necessary, skin or tissue biopsies may be performed to rule-out other conditions

Many clinical conditions may have similar signs and symptoms. Your healthcare provider may perform additional tests to rule out other clinical conditions to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.

What are the possible Complications of Glomeruloid Hemangioma?

The complications of Glomeruloid Hemangiomas may include:

• Ulcerated tumors can cause secondary bacterial and fungal infections
• If large tumors involve the internal organs, it may affect their function
• Damage to vital nerves, blood vessels, and surrounding structures during surgery to remove the tumor

How is Glomeruloid Hemangioma Treated?

Some Glomeruloid Hemangiomas may be asymptomatic and therefore may not require any treatment.

• In case of frequent bleeding or cosmetic issues related to physical appearance, individuals may choose to remove them
• Surgical excision and removal of the complete tumor
• Treatment of underlying POEMS syndrome
• Arterial embolization of the tumor is used to provide temporary relief from the symptoms, and reduce blood loss during ‘tumor removal’ surgical procedure
• Post-operative care is important: One must maintain minimum activity levels, until the surgical wound heals
• Post-operative follow-up care with regular screening and check-ups are important, especially to monitor for any recurrences

How can Glomeruloid Hemangioma be Prevented?

• Currently there are no specific methods or preventative techniques for the formation of Glomeruloid Hemangiomas. The condition may be caused by genetic factors
• If it is associated with POEMS syndrome (which may be a genetic condition), then genetic counseling may help assess risks, before planning for a child
• Active research is currently being performed to explore the possibilities for treatment and prevention of inherited and acquired genetic disorders

What is the Prognosis of Glomeruloid Hemangioma? (Outcome/Resolutions)

• Glomeruloid Hemangiomas are noncancerous and may be asymptomatic. Their prognosis on complete surgical removal is excellent
• However, if they are associated with POEMS syndrome, then the prognosis is based on the underlying disorder. Generally, the prognosis of POEMS syndrome is poor

Additional and Relevant Useful Information for Glomeruloid Hemangioma:

The following DoveMed website link is a useful resource for additional information:

https://www.dovemed.com/diseases-conditions/cancer/