What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

• Early Form of Gum Disease
• Mild Form of Gum Disease

What is Gingivitis? (Definition/Background Information)

• Gingivitis is termed as the earliest stage of periodontal disease, and therefore its mildest form. Periodontal diseases are a group of infections that affect the teeth structure that include the gums, pulp, root, supporting periodontal tissues, and jaw bone (alveolar bone)
• Gingivitis is a very common bacterial infection, caused by an accumulation of plaque on the teeth and gums. Since, in this condition the gums are primarily affected and become swollen, resulting in bleeding, Gingivitis is also described as gum disease (early form)
• Although Gingivitis is generally observed in older adults, children with poor dental hygiene can develop the condition as well. The risk factors for the condition include certain underlying conditions, smoking, reduced immunity, hormonal imbalances, and diabetes
• The signs and symptoms of Gingivitis include swollen gums, bleeding while flossing/brushing, and bad breath. The condition is frequently painless, and hence, it may go unnoticed. If the oral condition is left untreated, it may progress to periodontitis (the advanced form of gum disease)
• The treatment for Gingivitis may range from routine oral cleaning to medication, and the application of dental sealants. The prognosis with early and timely treatment is excellent. Maintaining good oral care and dental hygiene can help prevent Gingivitis

Who gets Gingivitis? (Age and Sex Distribution)

• Any individual (child or adult) may be affected by Gingivitis, since it is mainly caused by poor dental hygiene and care
• Generally, older adults (over the age of 65 years) are known to have a very high risk for this condition
• It can affect both males and females
• Currently, no studies report the condition to be more prevalent among a particular racial or ethnic group

What are the Risk Factors for Gingivitis? (Predisposing Factors)

The risk factors associated with Gingivitis may include:

• Poor oral habits: This facilitates bacterial growth in the mouth thereby increasing the risk for developing gum disease
• Aging: Generally, the older the age, the greater is the risk
• Cigarette smoking and chewing tobacco
• Use of illegal substances
• Conditions causing hormonal imbalance in the body including puberty and pregnancy
• Individuals with poorly-controlled diabetes
• Certain diseases and disorders such as heart diseases and rheumatoid arthritis
• Individuals with cancer
• Use of certain medications, such as those prescribed for heart and neurological conditions
• Oral contraceptives 
• Nutritional deficiencies
• Genetic susceptibility: Some individuals have a higher risk for gum disease due to their genetic make-up
• HIV infection causing weak immune function makes one more at risk for Gingivitis
• Obesity and excessive stress
• Bruxism: A condition in which individuals tend to grind their teeth

It is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition. A risk factor increases one’s chances of getting a condition compared to an individual without the risk factors. Some risk factors are more important than others.

Also, not having a risk factor does not mean that an individual will not get the condition. It is always important to discuss the effect of risk factors with your healthcare provider.

What are the Causes of Gingivitis? (Etiology)

• The main cause of Gingivitis is infection of the gum, teeth, and surrounding tissue. This leads to plaque buildup on the affected teeth (or tooth)
• When this plaque is left on the teeth for extended periods of time, it hardens, and bacteria in the mouth start to release toxins that damage the gums

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Gingivitis?

The signs and symptoms associated with Gingivitis include:

• Bleeding from the gums (especially during brushing)
• Inflammation of gums (redness and swelling)
• Some discomfort and pain
• Abnormal taste in the mouth 
• Bad breath

In many cases, individuals are not aware of the condition.

How is Gingivitis Diagnosed?

The diagnostic tests for Gingivitis may involve the following:

• An oral specialist (dental professional) will examine the symptoms and perform a physical exam on the mouth. The specialist will look for plaque and tartar buildup and check how tender and how easily the gums bleed
• A thorough analysis of the individual’s medical history
• Dental X-rays, if necessary, to examine the extent of teeth and bone involvement

Many clinical conditions may have similar signs and symptoms. Your healthcare provider may perform additional tests to rule out other clinical conditions to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.

What are the possible Complications of Gingivitis?

The possible complications associated with Gingivitis include:

• Recurrent gum disease can result in chronic gingivitis
• If the condition is left untreated or treated inadequately, then it can result in an advanced stage of gum disease called periodontitis

How is Gingivitis Treated?

There are many treatment options available for Gingivitis. The main goal of the treatment is to avoid further damage to the affected region.

• In cases with mild symptoms, a simple oral cleansing treatment by the dentist and removal of the plaque may be sufficient
• However, moderate to severe cases may require a sealant to level the surface of teeth and avoid further plaque buildup
• In addition to this, medications may be required to combat any possible bacterial infection

Regular visits to the dentist and maintaining good oral hygiene, such as brushing and flossing after each meal, are generally recommended.

How can Gingivitis be Prevented?

Gingivitis is a wholly preventable condition through proper oral care and daily teeth cleaning habits. The following may be considered in this regard:

• Good oral hygiene that can be achieved by brushing the teeth twice daily and by flossing at least once a day
• Using recommended oral rinses
• Stopping smoking or chewing tobacco and substance abuse
• Controlling diabetes through lifestyle changes
• Have a well-balanced diet with lots of fruits and vegetables, to avoid any nutritional imbalances
• If certain medications place you at a higher risk for gum disease, check with your physician for alternatives or substitutes
• Use a mouth guard, if you have a habit of grinding teeth (especially at night)
• Be physically active and exercise regularly to remain healthy and stress-free; meditation and yoga may be beneficial

Undertake regular visits to a dental health professional for a proper dental check-up and to prevent any tooth-related issues early.

What is the Prognosis of Gingivitis? (Outcomes/Resolutions)

• With adequate treatment, the prognosis of Gingivitis is excellent and the symptoms can be resolved. However, the condition can recur leading to chronic Gingivitis
• Strictly adhering to a good oral hygiene regimen after treatment can help prevent recurrences

Additional and Relevant Useful Information for Gingivitis:

• In order to prevent periodontitis, Gingivitis needs to be treated in the early stages

Please visit our Dental Health Center for more physician-approved health information:

https://www.dovemed.com/healthy-living/dental-health/