What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

• Diffused Hair-Follicle Hamartoma

What is Generalized Hair-Follicle Hamartoma? (Definition/Background Information)

• Generalized Hair-Follicle Hamartoma is a benign hair follicle tumor of skin that generally affects younger adults
• It is a very rare condition that is known to be associated with a variety of other disorders such as myasthenia gravis, systemic lupus erythematosus, generalized basaloid follicular hamartoma syndrome, and cystic fibrosis
• The cause of Generalized Hair-Follicle Hamartoma is largely unknown. The tumor is usually slow-growing and painless
• It can be associated with papules and plaques on the face. These skin lesions may be observed anywhere in the head and neck region
• No definitive treatment measures have been established for Generalized Hair-Follicle Hamartoma. However, the treatment would involve managing the symptoms and any associated/underlying conditions (if present)
• The prognosis for Generalized Hair-Follicle Hamartoma is generally excellent with suitable treatment, though it also depends upon the severity of the underlying disorder (if any present)

Who gets Generalized Hair-Follicle Hamartoma? (Age and Sex Distribution)

• Generalized Hair-Follicle Hamartoma is a highly infrequent condition that mostly affects young and middle-aged adults
• Both males and females may be affected, though the condition is reported with a higher incidence in females
• Individuals of all racial and ethnic background may be affected. Worldwide, no geographical localization has been reported

What are the Risk Factors for Generalized Hair-Follicle Hamartoma? (Predisposing Factors)

The following risk factors have been identified for Generalized Hair-Follicle Hamartoma:

• Generalized basaloid follicular hamartoma (BFH) syndrome - an autosomal dominant genetic disorder
• Cystic fibrosis, a genetic disorder affecting the lungs and other organs
• Association with autoimmune disorders, such as myasthenia gravis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is observed
• A positive family history of Generalized Hair-Follicle Hamartoma

It is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition. A risk factor increases ones chances of getting a condition compared to an individual without the risk factors. Some risk factors are more important than others.

Also, not having a risk factor does not mean that an individual will not get the condition. It is always important to discuss the effect of risk factors with your healthcare provider.

What are the Causes of Generalized Hair-Follicle Hamartoma? (Etiology)

• The cause of development of Generalized Hair-Follicle Hamartoma is presently unknown
• The condition is associated with various autoimmune conditions, such as myasthenia gravis and lupus, and other genetic disorders such as generalized BFH syndrome and cystic fibrosis

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Generalized Hair-Follicle Hamartoma?

Most Generalized Hair-Follicle Hamartoma cases are asymptomatic. In some, the signs and symptoms observed include:

• It usually occurs as multiple lesions on skin
• The lesions are usually painless and non-itchy
• They are slow-growing and can occur at any location in the body, usually in the head and neck region
• The condition is associated with papules and plaques on the face; there may be diffuse papules on face
• Individuals may also have progressive alopecia (hair loss, starting in adulthood) and myasthenia gravis
• Individuals with SLE may have muscle weakness and pain, skin rash, arthritis, and other signs and symptoms
• Presence of signs and symptoms of underlying disorders or conditions, if any present

How is Generalized Hair-Follicle Hamartoma Diagnosed?

A diagnosis of Generalized Hair-Follicle Hamartoma may involve the following:

• A thorough medical history and physical examination
• Dermoscopy: It is a diagnostic tool where a dermatologist examines the skin using a special magnified lens
• Wood’s lamp examination: In this procedure, the healthcare provider examines the skin using ultraviolet light. It is performed to examine the change in skin pigmentation
• Tissue biopsy: A tissue biopsy is performed and sent to a laboratory for a pathological examination. The pathologist examines the biopsy under a microscope. After putting together clinical findings, special studies on tissues (if needed) and with microscope findings, the pathologist arrives at a definitive diagnosis

Many clinical conditions may have similar signs and symptoms. Your healthcare provider may perform additional tests to rule out other clinical conditions to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.

What are the possible Complications of Generalized Hair-Follicle Hamartoma?

Generalized Hair-Follicle Hamartomas generally do not cause any significant complications, in most cases. However, the following factors may be a cause for concern:

• The presence of multiple tumors may also result in cosmetic issues
• Complications due to the presence of other genetic or autoimmune disorders
• Sometimes, these lesions can rupture, become infected and release pus. When these heal, they can leave a scar behind

How is Generalized Hair-Follicle Hamartoma Treated?

There is no definitive treatment available for Generalized Hair-Follicle Hamartoma. The treatment may involve the following measures:

• In a majority of cases, removal of the tumor is not necessary, unless it causes worrisome signs and symptoms such as cosmetic issues
• The treatment of choice is a complete surgical excision, which can result in a cure
• Undertaking treatment for any underlying conditions

How can Generalized Hair-Follicle Hamartoma be Prevented?

Currently, there are no known methods available to prevent the occurrence of Generalized Hair-Follicle Hamartomas.

What is the Prognosis of Generalized Hair-Follicle Hamartoma? (Outcomes/Resolutions)

• The prognosis for Generalized Hair-Follicle Hamartoma is excellent with appropriate treatment, since it is a benign skin condition
• Nevertheless, the prognosis also depends upon the presence of any underlying syndrome and the severity of the symptoms associated with it

Additional and Relevant Useful Information for Generalized Hair-Follicle Hamartoma:

• There is no evidence to prove that oily foods and chocolate-based products have an influence on the condition
• Cleaning the skin too hard with strong chemicals or soaps may aggravate the skin condition. Care must be taken avoid strong soaps and chemicals that could potentially worsen the condition
• The presence of dirt on the body is not a causative factor for the condition. However, it helps to be clean and hygienic, which may help the condition from getting worse