What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

• ACOS (Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome)
• Asthma-COPD Comorbidity
• Asthma-COPD Overlap (ACO)

What is Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome? (Definition/Background Information)

• Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS) is a clinical condition characterized by the coexistence of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), resulting in overlapping features of both diseases. It is often associated with persistent airflow limitation, chronic airway inflammation, and respiratory symptoms
• Some researchers consider Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS) a subtype of COPD. ACOS is often seen in individuals who have a history of asthma but develop COPD-like symptoms over time or in COPD patients who experience features of asthma. Diagnosis involves a thorough evaluation by a healthcare provider, including lung function tests and medical history assessment
• The treatment for Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome aims to alleviate symptoms, reduce inflammation, and improve lung function. It typically includes bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and other medications commonly used in the management of both asthma and COPD. Lifestyle changes, such as smoking cessation and avoiding exposure to respiratory irritants, are essential for managing ACOS
• The prognosis for individuals with Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome can vary depending on the severity of the condition and how well it responds to treatment. With proper management, many individuals can lead active lives, although long-term lung function may not fully return to normal in some cases

Who gets Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome? (Age and Sex Distribution)

• Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS) can affect individuals of any age, but it is more commonly observed in adults over the age of 40
• Both men and women can develop ACOS, although the prevalence may vary
• This condition is observed worldwide, and no particular race or ethnic preference is noted

What are the Risk Factors for Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome? (Predisposing Factors)

The risk factors for Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome may include the following:

• History of smoking
• Exposure to environmental pollutants
• Occupational exposures
• Genetic predisposition
• Early-onset asthma and poorly controlled asthma

It is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition. A risk factor increases one’s chances of getting a condition compared to an individual without the risk factors. Some risk factors are more important than others.

Also, not having a risk factor does not mean that an individual will not get the condition. It is always important to discuss the effect of risk factors with your healthcare provider.

What are the Causes of Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome? (Etiology)

• The exact causes of Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS) are not fully understood
• However, a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, such as smoking or air pollution, and chronic airway inflammation contribute to its development

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome?

Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS) is a respiratory condition that shares features of both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways, which results in the following signs and symptoms:

• Shortness of breath
• Wheezing
• Coughing
• Chest tightness
• Excess sputum production

These signs and symptoms may vary in intensity and frequency among the affected individuals.

How is Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome Diagnosed?

Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS) is diagnosed based on the following exams and procedures:

• Thorough clinical evaluation and medical history assessment
• Lung function tests (spirometry)
• Bronchodilator responsiveness testing
• Imaging studies
• Assessment of inflammatory markers
• A differential diagnosis is crucial to distinguish ACOS from asthma or COPD alone

Many clinical conditions may have similar signs and symptoms. Your healthcare provider may perform additional tests to rule out other clinical conditions to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.

What are the possible Complications of Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome?

Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS) can lead to various complications, including:

• Recurrent exacerbations
• Respiratory infections
• Impaired lung function
• Reduced quality of life
• Increased healthcare utilization

An increased risk of mortality compared to asthma or COPD alone is noted with ACOS.

How is Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome Treated?

The treatment of Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome focuses on managing the signs and symptoms, preventing exacerbations, and improving lung function. It typically involves a combination of the following:

• Pharmacological interventions such as inhaled bronchodilators, corticosteroids, etc.
• Pulmonary rehabilitation
• Smoking cessation
• Individualized management plans may be considered based on the presentations of each individual

How can Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome be Prevented?

While preventing Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome is challenging, certain measures can reduce the risk or delay its onset. These include the following:

• Smoking cessation
• Avoiding exposure to environmental pollutants
• Early and effective management of asthma
• Proactive monitoring of respiratory health

What is the Prognosis of Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome? (Outcomes/Resolutions)

The prognosis of Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS) varies depending on individual factors, disease severity, and management strategies.

• Early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, lifestyle modifications, and regular monitoring can help improve symptoms, slow disease progression, and enhance overall quality of life
• Regular monitoring and follow-up with a healthcare provider are crucial to ensure optimal control of ACOS symptoms and minimize exacerbations

Additional and Relevant Useful Information for Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome:

• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) forms a group of conditions that cause severe damage to the lungs, affecting airflow, mainly expiration. These chronic conditions make it difficult for the affected individuals to breathe

The following resource link may help in better understanding COPD:

https://www.dovemed.com/diseases-conditions/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd/