What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

• Annular LP

What is Annular Lichen Planus? (Definition/Background Information)

• Annular Lichen Planus is an uncommon subtype of lichen planus (LP), a medical condition that affects the skin and/or mucosal membranes. In the annular subtype, the affected individuals develop slightly raised red-purple ring-like rashes
• Annular Lichen Planus is mostly asymptomatic, and no significant complications are noted. Some cases are known to resolve spontaneously, while others may require treatment using topical steroidal agents and oral medications. The prognosis is generally good in most individuals

Who gets Annular Lichen Planus? (Age and Sex Distribution)

• It is noted that approximately 10% of the individuals with lichen planus present with Annular Lichen Planus
• It is a rare skin condition that is usually noted in young, middle-aged, and older adults
• Both males and females may be affected, but a very high incidence of the condition is noted in men
• Worldwide, individuals of all racial and ethnic groups may be affected

What are the Risk Factors for Annular Lichen Planus? (Predisposing Factors)

• Currently, no risk factors have been clearly identified for Annular Lichen Planus

It is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition. A risk factor increases one’s chances of getting a condition compared to an individual without the risk factors. Some risk factors are more important than others.

Also, not having a risk factor does not mean that an individual will not get the condition. It is always important to discuss the effect of risk factors with your healthcare provider.

What are the Causes of Annular Lichen Planus? (Etiology)

• Presently, the exact underlying cause of Annular Lichen Planus is not well-understood
• It is described as a variant of lichen planus, a medical condition affecting the skin and mucosal surfaces

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Annular Lichen Planus?

The signs and symptoms of Annular Lichen Planus may vary in severity among affected individuals and may include the following:

• Presence of ring-shaped plaques (thickened and slightly elevated skin areas)
• The lesions are often red-to-purple in discoloration and hyperpigmented (increased pigmentation is noted)
• The lesions have non-scaly borders, but raised centers are not noted
• In a majority of cases, the lesions are noted on the male genitalia. However, they may also involve the oral cavity, eyelids, armpits, chest and back (trunk), buttocks, and the extremities (limbs)
• No pain, irritation, or discomfort is generally noted

How is Annular Lichen Planus Diagnosed?

Annular Lichen Planus is diagnosed on the basis of the following information:

• A thorough physical examination and a complete medical history are very crucial; a dermatologist will carefully examine the lesions to help in the diagnosis
• Dermoscopy: Dermoscopy is a diagnostic tool where a dermatologist examines the skin using a special magnified lens
• Potassium hydroxide (KOH) test: The KOH prep involves microscopic observation of skin scrapings for structures belonging to fungi
• Skin biopsy: A biopsy of the lesion is usually performed to confirm the diagnosis. A pathologist examines the biopsy under a microscope. After putting together clinical findings, special studies on tissues (if needed), and microscope findings, the pathologist arrives at a definitive diagnosis

Many clinical conditions may have similar signs and symptoms. Your healthcare provider may perform additional tests to rule out other clinical conditions to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.

What are the possible Complications of Annular Lichen Planus?

The complications of Annular Lichen Planus may include:

• Scarring on the skin
• Emotional stress from cosmetic concerns
• Low self-esteem if the lesions or scarring occur on the face or elsewhere on visible parts of the skin

Complications may occur with or without treatment and in some cases, due to treatment.

How is Annular Lichen Planus Treated?

Treatments for Annular Lichen Planus are based on the severity of the condition.

• Some cases are known to resolve by themselves
• Mild conditions may be treated using topical steroidal agents
• Systemic therapy may be necessary for severe cases

Regular medical screening at periodic intervals with tests and physical examinations is recommended.

How can Annular Lichen Planus be Prevented?

The cause and risk factors are not clearly identified for Annular Lichen Planus. Thus, no methods or guidelines are available presently for its prevention.

What is the Prognosis of Annular Lichen Planus? (Outcomes/Resolutions)

• The prognosis for mild cases of Annular Lichen Planus is good since the lesions may resolve on their own or with topical steroid treatment
• Severe cases may be managed with topical and oral medications. However, it may take several months for healing to occur

Additional and Relevant Useful Information for Annular Lichen Planus:

The following DoveMed website link is a useful resource for additional information:

https://www.dovemed.com/healthy-living/skin-disorders/