What are Other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

• Anemia due to Endocrine Disorders
• Endocrine Disorders associated Anemia

What is Anemia of Endocrine Disorders? (Definition/Background Information)

• Anemia of Endocrine Disorders is a blood disorder caused by endocrine conditions, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and diabetes. A majority of cases are reported among older adults
• Some endocrine disorders can inhibit the formation of red blood cells, an essential component of blood that is responsible for the distribution of oxygen throughout the body. The risk factors include a family history of endocrine disorders, being older than 60, and high blood pressure
• Individuals with Anemia of Endocrine Disorders may appear pale, experience dizziness and fatigue. Some complications include rapid heartbeat, suppressed immune system, and problems during pregnancy
• Anemia of Endocrine Disorders can be diagnosed with a blood test. It is typically managed by treating the underlying condition causing anemia. Most cases of Anemia of Endocrine Disorders cannot be prevented. However, the prognosis is good when the underlying cause is adequately treated

Who gets Anemia of Endocrine Disorders? (Age and Sex Distribution)

• Although Anemia of Endocrine Disorders can affect individuals of any age, the condition is more common in older adults (above the age of 60)
• It is observed in both males and females
• Women, who are at a greater risk for thyroid disorders, have a greater risk for Anemia of Endocrine Disorders
• There does not appear to be any racial or ethnic predilection for the condition

What are the Risk Factors for Anemia of Endocrine Disorders? (Predisposing Factors)

The following are some of the risk factors associated with Anemia of Endocrine Disorders:

• Family history of thyroid disease
• Family history of diabetes
• Having an autoimmune disease
• Received radiation on the neck region
• High blood pressure (hypertension)
• Obesity
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
• Abnormal cholesterol and triglyceride levels

It is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition. A risk factor increases one's chances of getting a condition compared to an individual without the risk factors. Some risk factors are more important than others.

Also, not having a risk factor does not mean that an individual will not get the condition. It is always important to discuss the effect of risk factors with your healthcare provider.

What are the Causes of Anemia of Endocrine Disorders? (Etiology)

• Anemia of Endocrine Disorders is generally caused by hormonal conditions that affect the production of red blood cells. Red blood cells are essential in the transport of oxygen throughout the body
• The altered hormone levels in tissues can also affect hemoglobin production
• Anemia of Endocrine Disorders can be caused by hypothyroidism, uncontrolled diabetes, hyperthyroidism, and other endocrine conditions

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Anemia of Endocrine Disorders?

The following are some of the signs and symptoms associated with Anemia of Endocrine Disorders:

• Paleness
• Fatigue and dizziness
• Shortness of breath
• Irregular heartbeat
• Cold hands and feet
• Muscle aches
• Constipation
• Depression
• Frequent urination
• Constant thirst
• Blurry vision

Additionally, the signs and symptoms of the underlying condition may be noted.

How is Anemia of Endocrine Disorders Diagnosed?

The diagnosis of Anemia of Endocrine Disorders may include:

• A complete physical examination and assessment of presenting signs and symptoms
• An evaluation of medical history to determine the presence of predisposing factors such as:
  • Diabetes
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Other endocrine disorders
• Blood tests: Complete blood count (CBC), which may show decrease in the number of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets

• Imaging studies to assess the underlying health condition, if necessary

Many clinical conditions may have similar signs and symptoms. Your Healthcare provider may perform additional tests to rule out other clinical conditions to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.

What are the Possible Complications of Anemia of Endocrine Disorders?

The complications of Anemia of Endocrine Disorders may include:

• Heart complications
• Suppressed immune system
• Problems with pregnancy 
• Cardiovascular disease
• Neuropathy/nerve diseases
• Kidney damage
• Goiter (abnormally enlarged thyroid gland)
• Mental health issues

Complications that may develop from the underlying condition/malignancy.

How is Anemia of Endocrine Disorders Treated?

The treatment of Anemia of Endocrine Disorders depends on the severity of the underlying condition(s). The following are some treatment options for the condition:

• Hormonal therapy for the underlying endocrine disorder
• Erythropoiesis stimulating agents
• Blood transfusions
• Managing the signs and symptoms

Regular medical screening at periodic intervals with tests and physical examinations are necessary and highly recommended.

How can Anemia of Endocrine Disorders be Prevented?

A prevention of the condition depends on adequate management of the underlying cause.

• Most cases of Anemia of Endocrine Disorders cannot be prevented as it is generally difficult to prevent hypothyroidism and diabetes
• However, certain steps can be taken to decrease the risk including, by maintaining a healthy diet and getting regularly checked, if there is a family history of an endocrine condition

What is the Prognosis of Anemia of Endocrine Disorders? (Outcomes/Resolutions)

The prognosis of Anemia of Endocrine Disorders depends on the severity of the condition and providing suitable treatment, as needed. With early adequate treatment, the outcomes are generally good.

Additional and Relevant Useful Information for Anemia of Endocrine Disorders:

The function of the three major blood cells produced in the bone marrow include:

• RBCs or erythrocytes: They carry and deliver oxygen from the lungs to the tissues so that they can carry out cellular respiration
• WBCs or leukocytes: These cells fight against infection and also play a role in inflammation
• Platelets: These cells help in clot formation whenever there is a bleeding