What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

• Adenomyometritis
• Endometriosis Interna
• Uterine Adenomyosis

What is Adenomyosis? (Definition/Background Information)

• Adenomyosis is a common condition in which the tissue that normally lines the uterus (endometrium) grows into the muscular wall of the uterus (myometrium). This can lead to an enlarged uterus and various symptoms that include prolonged menstrual bleeding, cramps, pelvic pain, and pain during sex
• The condition is fairly common, and most of the cases are observed in young and middle-aged women. The risk factors for Adenomyosis may include multiparity, hormonal imbalances, and C-section surgery. Presently, the cause of the development of Adenomyosis is not well-understood, but it may be associated with certain genetic and environmental factors
• A pelvic exam and imaging studies may be used to diagnose Adenomyosis. Following a diagnosis, the treatment may involve pain medication, hormonal therapy, and surgery, if required. With appropriate management, the prognosis for women with Adenomyosis is generally good

Who gets Adenomyosis? (Age and Sex Distribution)

• Adenomyosis typically affects women who are in their 30s and 40s, although it can occur at any age after menstruation begins
• It is more common in women who have had children and may become more prevalent with increasing age
• The condition is observed worldwide, and all racial and ethnic groups are generally at risk
• According to medical literature, between 20-35% of all women may be affected by Adenomyosis

What are the Risk Factors for Adenomyosis? (Predisposing Factors)

The risk factors of Adenomyosis may include:

• Prior uterine surgery, such as a cesarean section or fibroid removal
• Multiparity (having given birth to multiple children)
• Hormonal imbalances, particularly an excess of estrogen relative to progesterone

It is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition. A risk factor increases one’s chances of getting a condition compared to an individual without the risk factors. Some risk factors are more important than others.

Also, not having a risk factor does not mean that an individual will not get the condition. It is always important to discuss the effect of risk factors with your healthcare provider.

What are the Causes of Adenomyosis? (Etiology)

• The exact cause of Adenomyosis is presently unknown. However, it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors
• The presence of estrogen and the invasive growth of endometrial cells into the myometrium are thought to contribute to the development of Adenomyosis

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Adenomyosis?

The signs and symptoms of Adenomyosis may vary from one individual to another and may be mild or severe. These include:

• Menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea) that worsen over time
• Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia)
• Pelvic pain or pressure, especially during menstruation
• Enlarged uterus
• Painful sexual intercourse
• Blood clots during menstruation

How is Adenomyosis Diagnosed?

The diagnostic procedures for Adenomyosis may include:

• Physical exam and medical history assessment to identify symptoms and risk factors
• Pelvic examination to assess the size, shape, and tenderness of the uterus
• Imaging tests, such as ultrasound, MRI, or transvaginal ultrasound scans, to visualize the uterus and detect any abnormalities
• Hysteroscopy, a procedure where a thin, lighted instrument is inserted into the uterus to examine the uterine cavity

Many clinical conditions may have similar signs and symptoms. Your healthcare provider may perform additional tests to rule out other clinical conditions to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.

What are the possible Complications of Adenomyosis?

The complications of Adenomyosis may include:

• Chronic pelvic pain
• Anemia due to heavy menstrual bleeding
• Infertility or difficulty conceiving
• Reduced quality of life due to symptoms and discomfort

How is Adenomyosis Treated?

The treatment options for Adenomyosis may include:

• Pain medication: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be recommended to relieve pain and reduce inflammation
• Hormonal therapy: Birth control pills, hormonal intrauterine devices (IUDs), or progestin therapy may be prescribed to regulate menstrual cycles, reduce pain, and slow the growth of endometrial tissue
• Uterine artery embolization: This minimally-invasive procedure involves injecting tiny particles into the uterine arteries to block the blood supply to the adenomyosis-affected areas, resulting in shrinkage of the lesions
• Hysterectomy: In severe cases or for women who no longer desire fertility, a surgical removal of the uterus may be recommended

How can Adenomyosis be Prevented?

As the exact cause of Adenomyosis is unknown, there are no specific prevention measures available. However, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and seeking early medical intervention for symptoms may help manage the condition and prevent complications.

What is the Prognosis of Adenomyosis? (Outcomes/Resolutions)

• Adenomyosis is a chronic condition that typically subsides after menopause, and the prognosis is generally good
• For women who are still of reproductive age, the prognosis varies, and management focuses on symptom relief and preserving fertility
• Treatment options can help alleviate symptoms and improve the quality of life for individuals with Adenomyosis

Additional and Relevant Useful Information for Adenomyosis:

The following article link will help you understand endometriosis:

https://www.dovemed.com/diseases-conditions/endometriosis/