The topic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Colon and Rectum you are seeking is a synonym, or alternative name, or is closely related to the medical condition Colorectal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

Quick Summary:

• Colorectal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (NENs) may be described as malignant epithelial cancers of the large intestine/colon and rectum. It develops in the intestinal/rectal wall lining and spreads to involve other layers and sites
• Neoplasms of the colon and rectum with neuroendocrine differentiation include well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors, poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas, and mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the colon and rectum, the following subtypes of Colorectal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms are recognized:

• Neuroendocrine tumor (NET): Most tumors are grade 1 and grade 2 (low-grade and intermediate-grade), while rare cases of grade 3 (high-grade) tumors are reported. The subtypes include:
  • Neuroendocrine tumor NOS
  • Neuroendocrine tumor, grade 1
  • Neuroendocrine tumor, grade 2
  • Neuroendocrine tumor, grade 3
  • L cell tumor - it is a special category of tumor with two subtypes, namely glucagon-like peptide producing tumor and PP/PYY-producing tumor
  • Enterochromaffin cell neuroendocrine tumor
  • Serotonin-producing neuroendocrine tumor
• Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC)
  • Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
  • Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
• Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN), which includes mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC)

The tumors are diagnosed under a microscope, on examination of the cancer cells by a pathologist. The classification of the tumor is important, as it may dictate the type of treatments to be provided and the overall outcomes.

• The cause of Colorectal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms is generally unknown. It is believed to be associated with genetic defects and certain food and lifestyle factors. The signs and symptoms of these neoplasms may include abdominal pain, bleeding from the rectum, fatigue, and weight loss. Advanced cancer cases may result in tumor metastasis to distant sites
• The mainstay of treatment of Colorectal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms is a surgical excision of these tumors during the early stages. However, in many cases, a combination of treatment measures that includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy may be necessitated
• The prognosis primarily depends upon a set of several factors including the subtype, stage, and grade of the tumor. The prognosis of colorectal NETs is generally good for low-grade and low-stage tumors with early adequate treatment. The prognosis of colorectal NECs and MiNENs is usually unfavorable; these tumors are known to frequently invade and spread to other body sites and organs

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