The topic Neurilemoma you are seeking is a synonym, or alternative name, or is closely related to the medical condition Schwannoma.

Quick Summary:

• Schwannomas are a group of tumors that arise from the Schwann cells around the nerves; these tumors are essentially nerve sheath tumors. They are commonly seen in young, middle-aged, and slightly older adults
• It is very important to note that a Schwannoma is not a premalignant condition to a tumor called malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST); in other words, MPNST does not arise from a Schwannoma
• Based upon the clinical behavior, genetic mutations, and tissue biopsy studies, Schwannomas can be subdivided into the following types:
  • Benign Conventional Schwannoma: Conventional Schwannomas are typically benign; though rarely, they can become malignant
  • Melanotic Schwannoma: A tumor of low malignancy potential
• There are various histological types of Schwannomas, which include:
  • Cellular Schwannoma: This is a type of Schwannoma which has characteristic features, when examined under a microscope by a pathologist
  • Plexiform Schwannoma: This type of Schwannoma affects multiple nerves; it can also affect the nerve plexus (group of nerves). Only a minority of individual with this type are known to have a history of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)
  • Microcystic (Reticular) Schwannoma: It is a very uncommon type of Schwannoma having a characteristic microscopic appearance
• Currently, no causative factors have been identified for tumor formation. In case of the presence of multiple Schwannomas (in a minority of cases), the risk factors for the tumor include the presence of NF2 and a positive family history of Schwannoma
• Schwannomas may be asymptomatic (in many cases) or symptomatic. The signs and symptoms are commonly based upon the location of the tumor and can be wide-ranging. Vestibular Schwannomas can cause hearing loss and ringing within the ears; peripheral Schwannomas that are present in the arms and legs may be present as a mass without any significant symptoms
• In rare cases, Schwannomas are known to develop into malignant tumors. The tumors can also compress the nerve on which it lies and cause nerve dysfunction
• In a majority of cases, a complete excision by surgery can be curative and the prognosis of Schwannoma is excellent. However, the prognosis may be influenced by factors that include the type of Schwannoma, tumor location, the presence of NF2, and if any malignant transformations are noted

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