Adenomatoid Tumor of Uterine Corpus

Adenomatoid Tumor of Uterine Corpus

Article
Women's Health
Diseases & Conditions
+1
Contributed byKrish Tangella MD, MBAApr 26, 2018

What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

  • Adenomatoid Tumour of Uterine Corpus
  • Benign Adenomatoid Mesothelioma of Uterus
  • Uterine Adenomatoid Tumor 

What is Adenomatoid Tumor of Uterine Corpus? (Definition/Background Information)

  • An adenomatoid tumor resembles an adenoma that arises from the mesoderm; epithelium that lines the body cavities (also called mesothelium). An adenoma is a benign overgrowth of tissue of gland-like structure
  • Adenomatoid tumors commonly arise in the genital tract. Adenomatoid Tumors of Uterine Corpus are benign tumors generally observed in middle-aged women
  • In women, they are commonly found in the myometrium (middle layer of the uterus). It also occurs in the uterine wall (beneath the serosa) and within and outside the ovaries
  • In a majority of cases, no significant signs and symptoms or complications of Adenomatoid Tumors of Uterine Corpus are observed. In some cases, the tumor may present pelvic discomfort or menstrual abnormalities
  • The diagnosis of Adenomatoid Tumor of Uterus is confirmed through a tissue biopsy. Following diagnosis, the treatment of choice is a complete surgical removal of the tumor
  • The prognosis of Adenomatoid tumor of Uterine Corpus is excellent with appropriate treatment, since it is a benign tumor

Who gets Adenomatoid Tumor of Uterine Corpus? (Age and Sex Distribution)

  • Adenomatoid Tumor of Uterine Corpus is observed in a wide age range of females; the average age of presentation is around 45 years
  • In women, they are most mostly found ‘incidentally’, during surgical tissue removal for other reasons, such as fibroids, uterine adenomyosis, uterine endometrial cancer, endometriosis, ovarian tumor, ovarian abscess, and tubal ligation procedures
  • These tumors are observed in women worldwide. All races and ethnic groups can be affected

What are the Risk Factors for Adenomatoid Tumor of Uterine Corpus? (Predisposing Factors)

  • No specific risk factors for Adenomatoid Tumor of Uterine Corpus have been currently established
  • Some cases have been observed in individuals with a compromised immune system

It is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition. A risk factor increases ones chances of getting a condition compared to an individual without the risk factors. Some risk factors are more important than others.

Also, not having a risk factor does not mean that an individual will not get the condition. It is always important to discuss the effect of risk factors with your healthcare provider.

What are the Causes of Adenomatoid Tumor of Uterine Corpus? (Etiology)

  • The cause for development of Adenomatoid Tumor of Uterine Corpus is unknown
  • Scientists are yet to ascertain if the tumors are neoplastic or hyperplastic
  • Some researchers believe that trauma or inflammation may be an inciting factor for causation of these tumors

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Adenomatoid Tumor of Uterine Corpus?

The signs and symptoms associated with Adenomatoid Tumor of Uterine Corpus include:

  • In women, adenomatoid tumors are clinically asymptomatic  and usually found incidentally
  • The presence of single, solid tumors that do not have well-defined borders
  • Most tumors are less than 4 cm in size; rarely, some tumors are known to exceed 10 cm in size
  • Some adenomatoid tumors are well-circumscribed, while others are poorly-circumscribed
  • It may cause symptoms, such as menstrual irregularities or lump in the abdomen and pelvis

How is Adenomatoid Tumor of Uterine Corpus Diagnosed?

The following procedures may be used to diagnose Adenomatoid Tumor of Uterine Corpus:

  • Evaluation of the individual’s medical history and physical examination
  • Adenomatoid tumor is often found incidentally during surgical procedures that are performed for other reasons, or during physical examination of the genital tract
  • Ultrasound scan of the pelvis: It is a noninvasive procedure that uses high frequency sound waves to produce real-time images
  • Abdominal and pelvic CT scan: It is a noninvasive procedure that provides more details of soft tissues, blood vessels, and internal organs
  • Pelvic MRI scan: It is a noninvasive medical test that uses a powerful magnetic field to produce images of soft tissues, bones, organs, and all other internal structures of the abdomen and pelvis
  • Tissue biopsy of tumor:
    • A tissue biopsy is performed and sent to a laboratory for a pathological examination. A pathologist examines the biopsy under a microscope. After putting together clinical findings, special studies on tissues (if needed) and with microscope findings, the pathologist arrives at a definitive diagnosis
    • Examination of the biopsy under a microscope by a pathologist is considered to be gold-standard in arriving at a conclusive diagnosis
    • Sometimes, the pathologist may perform special studies, which may include immunohistochemical stains, histochemical stains, molecular testing, and very rarely electron microscopic studies
  • Differential diagnosis, to eliminate other tumor types are often considered, before arriving at a definitive diagnosis

Many clinical conditions may have similar signs and symptoms. Your healthcare provider may perform additional tests to rule out other clinical conditions to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.

What are the possible Complications of Adenomatoid Tumor of Uterine Corpus?

The possible complications of Adenomatoid Tumor of Uterine Corpus include:

  • Stress and anxiety due to fear of cancer of the uterus
  • Large-sized tumors may compress adjoining structures and organs, resulting in pain and discomfort

How is Adenomatoid Tumor of Uterine Corpus Treated?

Treatment measures for Adenomatoid Tumor of Uterine Corpus include the following:

  • Small tumors may be observed; the healthcare provider may undertake a ‘wait and watch’ approach, following a diagnosis of adenomatoid  tumor
  • Typically, adenomatoid tumors are surgically removed (to confirm a diagnosis), even though they are benign neoplasms. A surgical resection of the tumor can result in a cure
  • Post-operative care is important: One must maintain minimum activity levels, until the surgical wound heals
  • Follow-up care with regular screening and check-ups are encouraged

How can Adenomatoid Tumor of Uterine Corpus be Prevented?

  • Current medical research has not established a method of preventing Uterine Adenomatoid Tumor formation
  • Regular medical screening at periodic intervals with blood tests, radiological scans, and physical examinations are recommended

What is the Prognosis of Adenomatoid Tumor of Uterine Corpus? (Outcomes/Resolutions)

  • The prognosis of Adenomatoid Tumors of Uterine Corpus is excellent, even if they generally infiltrate (extend into) adjacent structures, since these are benign tumors
  • Even if there is local infiltration, the tumors are not known to metastasize (spread to distant parts of the body). The tumors do not progress or recur following their surgical removal
  • However, the prognosis may also depend upon the severity of the signs and symptoms and the size of the tumor. Typically with large tumors, the outcome may be variable
  • As with any tumor, it is important to have follow-up appointments with a physician, to monitor for any returning tumors

Additional and Relevant Useful Information for Adenomatoid Tumor of Uterine Corpus:

  • Adenomatoid tumors rarely involve sites outside the genital tract. In men, they represent 30% of all tumors and 60% of benign tumors of all paratesticular (structures alongside the testis) tumors
  • A tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue arising due to uncontrolled and rapid multiplication of cells that serve no function. They are also called neoplasms. Tumors may be benign or malignant (of cancer type)
  • The biopsy specimens of adenomatoid tumors are studied using Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. The pathologist may use special studies such as special stains. Special stains (markers used on biopsy samples may include:
    • Calretinin
    • D2-40
    • CKAE1/CAM5.2
    • WT-1
  • These stains help to differentiate adenomatoid tumors from other benign or cancerous lesions.
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Krish Tangella MD, MBA

Pathology, Medical Editorial Board, DoveMed Team

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