Myelodysplastic Syndrome - RAEB Type1

Myelodysplastic Syndrome - RAEB Type1

Contributed byMaulik P. Purohit MD MPHSep 10, 2017

The topic Myelodysplastic Syndrome - RAEB Type 1 you are seeking is a synonym, or alternative name, or is closely related to the medical condition Refractory Anemia with Excess Blasts (RAEB).

Quick Summary:

  • Refractory Anemia with Excess Blasts (RAEB) is a type of bone marrow disorder, called myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)
  • Myelodysplastic syndromes exhibit disordered (dysplastic) development of all non-lymphocyte blood cells (myeloid cells). MDS is caused by various abnormalities of the bone marrow
  • Bone marrow is the spongy tissue found inside the bones. Normally, it is the main site of blood cell production (hematopoiesis). The blood cells include:
    • Red blood cells (erythrocytes), which transport ‘gases’, such as oxygen
    • White blood cells (leukocytes), important to the immune system
    • Megakaryocytes, which fragment to form platelets. Platelets clot blood and recruit collagen-producing cells (fibroblasts) to the scene of an injury
  • These diverse cells develop from myeloid stem cells (blasts) inside the bone marrow. This process is mediated by different signals that steer the growth and division of the blasts, down different pathways (lineages)
  • The different blood cells can thus be considered “cousins” of each other. This is because they share a common ancestral stem cell, though they have diverged down separate lineages
  • The presence of any abnormalities in the blasts, or their signaling system, may disrupt their development and cause MDS. Different forms of myelodysplastic syndromes are classified, based on the cause or specific abnormalities produced
  • Refractory anemia is a deficiency in circulating red blood cells that resists treatment. It often results from defects, during red blood cell formation. It is mostly treatable, only through blood transfusions
  • Normally, blasts should comprise 5% or less of cell population inside the bone marrow. In RAEB, stem cells that have not differentiated accumulate to levels above 5%. There are 2 types of Refractory Anemia with Excess Blasts:
    • Type 1 RAEB: Characterized by 5-9% blasts in bone marrow and less than 5% blasts in blood
    • Type 2 RAEB: Characterized by 10-19% blasts in bone marrow, 5-19% blasts in blood, or white blood cells containing certain elongated structures, called Auer rods
  • Refractory Anemia with Excess Blasts is characterized by elevated numbers of myeloid stem cells inside the bone marrow; the Auer rods may also be present
  • The prognosis of Refractory Anemia with Excess Blasts depends on its severity; nevertheless, the prognosis of the condition is generally guarded

Please find comprehensive information on Refractory Anemia with Excess Blasts (RAEB) regarding definition, distribution, risk factors, causes, signs & symptoms, diagnosis, complications, treatment, prevention, prognosis, and additional useful information HERE.

What are some Useful Resources for Additional Information for Myelodysplastic Syndrome - RAEB Type 1?

American Cancer Society (ACS)
250 Williams Street NW, Atlanta, Georgia, 30303
Toll-Free: (800) 227-2345
TTY: (866) 228-4327
Website: http://www.cancer.org 

Aplastic Anemia & MDS International Foundation
100 Park Avenue, Suite 108, Rockville, Maryland 20850
Phone: (800) 747-2820
Fax: (301) 279-7205
Email: help@aamds.org
Website: http://www.aamds.org 

MDS Foundation
4573 South Broad Street, Suite 150, Yardville, NJ 08620
Phone: (800) MDS-0839 or (609) 298-1035 (if outside the US)
Fax: (609) 298-0590
Email: patientliason@mds-foundation.org
Website: http://www.mds-foundation.org 

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
Phone: (212) 639-2000
Email: publicaffairs@mskcc.org
Website: http://www.mskcc.org 

Patient Registries at Slone: Myeloma & MDS
1010 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215
Email: registry@slone.bu.edu
Website: http://www.bu.edu/prs 

References and Information Sources used for Myelodysplastic Syndrome - RAEB Type 1:

Cotran, R. S., Kumar, V., Collins, T., & Robbins, S. L. (1999). Robbins pathologic basis of disease (8th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders.

Farhi, D. C. (2009). Pathology of bone marrow and blood cells (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott William & Wilkins.

Hoffman, R. (2005). Hematology: Basic principles and practice (4th ed.). Philadelphia, Pa: Churchill Livingstone.

Hsi, E. D. (2012). Hematopathology (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier/Saunders.

Pathology Student. (2011, December 27). Retrieved March 8, 2014, from http://www.pathologystudent.com/?p=4868

Helpful Peer-Reviewed Medical Articles for:

Martino, R., Valcarcel, D., Brunet, S., Sureda, A., & Sierra, J. (2008). Comparable non-relapse mortality and survival after HLA-identical sibling blood stem cell transplantation with reduced or conventional-intensity preparative regimens for high-risk myelodysplasia or acute myeloid leukemia in first remission. Bone marrow transplantation, 41(1), 33.

Wang, H., Wang, X. Q., Xu, X. P., & Lin, G. W. (2010). ID4 methylation predicts high risk of leukemic transformation in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. Leukemia research, 34(5), 598-604.

Bernasconi, P., Klersy, C., Boni, M., Cavigliano, P. M., Calatroni, S., Giardini, I., ... & Lazzarino, M. (2007). World Health Organization classification in combination with cytogenetic markers improves the prognostic stratification of patients with de novo primary myelodysplastic syndromes. British journal of haematology, 137(3), 193-205.

Mufti, G. J., Bennett, J. M., Goasguen, J., Bain, B. J., Baumann, I., Brunning, R., ... & Jinnai, I. (2008). Diagnosis and classification of myelodysplastic syndrome: International Working Group on Morphology of myelodysplastic syndrome (IWGM-MDS) consensus proposals for the definition and enumeration of myeloblasts and ring sideroblasts. haematologica, 93(11), 1712-1717.

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Maulik P. Purohit MD MPH

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