What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

• Screamer’s Nodule
• VFN (Vocal Fold Nodules)
• Vocal Cord Polyps

What are Vocal Cord Nodules? (Definition/Background Information)

• A Vocal Cord Nodule is a benign growth occurring either on one side or both sides in the vocal cords, located within the larynx
• Vocal Cord Nodules are thought to develop due to vocal abuse (the misuse or overuse of one’s voice), causing a trauma to the vocal cords (or vocal folds). The condition may occur in any individual; but generally, those who use their voice for a career or a living (like singers, broadcasters, lawyers) are affected the most
• Eliminating the risk factors (such as taking suitable treatment for GERD, abnormal thyroid condition, quitting smoking, consuming alcohol in moderation), practicing good vocal hygiene, reducing one’s stress, etc. may help prevent Vocal Cord Nodules from forming
• Both conservative (non-surgical) measures and surgical treatment techniques are available to treat this benign growth affecting the vocal cords. The prognosis is excellent with appropriate treatment

Who gets Vocal Cord Nodules? (Age and Sex Distribution)

• Individuals of all ages are prone to this benign growth in the vocal cords
• Vocal Cord Nodules are usually observed in adult females; but, they can also occur in males
• All races and ethnic groups may be affected by the condition

What are the Risk Factors for Vocal Cord Nodules? (Predisposing Factors)

Individuals with the following conditions may have an increased risk of developing Vocal Cord Nodules:

• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
• Abnormal thyroid function, especially hypothyroidism
• Frequent allergies
• Long-term smoking
• Occupations that involve an excessive use of one’s voice (singing, media, teaching); hence, various terms, such as Screamer’s Nodules, Singer’s Nodules, and Teacher’s Nodules are used to denote this condition
• Excessive alcohol intake
• Excessive caffeine intake
• Inhalation of irritants, such as industrial chemical fumes

It is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition. A risk factor increases ones chances of getting a condition compared to an individual without the risk factors. Some risk factors are more important than others.

Also, not having a risk factor does not mean that an individual will not get the condition. It is always important to discuss the effect of risk factors with your healthcare provider.

What are the Causes of Vocal Cord Nodules? (Etiology)

Vocal Cord Nodules are considered to be a reactive growth, due to trauma of the vocal cords (caused by excess stress and tension, while speaking, shouting, singing).

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Vocal Cord Nodules?

The signs and symptoms of Vocal Cord Nodules are as follows:

• Hoarseness of voice
• Sensation of a lump in the throat
• Neck pain, usually lasting more than 3 weeks
• Voice fatigue
• Decreased pitch range
• Shooting pain that is experienced from ear to ear

How are Vocal Cord Nodules Diagnosed?

Vocal Cord Nodules may be diagnosed as follows:

• Physical exam with evaluation of complete medical history
• Consultation with an otolaryngologist: An examination via indirect laryngoscopy, by an otolaryngologist may be performed.
• Tissue biopsy of Vocal Cord Nodules: Histopathological studies conducted on a biopsy specimen - the specimen is examined under a microscope by a pathologist, to arrive at a definitive diagnosis

Many clinical conditions may have similar signs and symptoms. Your healthcare provider may perform additional tests to rule out other clinical conditions to arrive at a definitive diagnosis. 

What are the possible Complications of Vocal Cord Nodules?

Complications of Vocal Cord Nodules may possibly include:

• Changes in an individual’s voice
• If an individual uses their voice as a means for a career or living, like singers, broadcasters, attorneys, it can affect their career (and earning potential)

How are Vocal Cord Nodules Treated?

A treatment of Vocal Cord Nodules may involve:

• The surgical removal of the nodules
• Having adequate rest
• Speech therapy
• Inhaled steroid sprays may also be used

How can Vocal Cord Nodules be Prevented?

A few preventative measures for Vocal Cord Nodules are as follows:

• Avoid screaming and talking too loudly, too often; use your voice without straining too much
• Practice good vocal hygiene; this includes staying well-hydrated, resolving underlying gastroesophageal reflux disease, and avoid environments containing inhalable irritants
• Eliminate the risk factors, which includes:
  • Taking appropriate treatment of GERD
  • Correcting thyroid dysfunction through appropriate medical treatment
  • Seeking treatment for allergies
  • Smoking cessation
  • Reducing alcohol intake
  • Reducing caffeine intake
  • Eliminating exposure to irritants, such as industrial chemicals, fumes
• Stress reduction

What is the Prognosis of Vocal Cord Nodules? (Outcomes/Resolutions)

Vocal Cord Nodules is a benign condition, which has an excellent prognosis with appropriate treatment.

Additional and Relevant Useful Information for Vocal Cord Nodules:

When considering Vocal Cord Nodules, it is important to rule out malignancy, as the cause of growth. A biopsy will help rule out a malignancy, like squamous cell carcinoma, in such cases.