What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

• Tension-Type Headache

What is Tension Headache? (Definition/Background Information)

• Tension Headache is head pain that occurs from stress or tension leading to a feeling of tightness around the neck and head region. It is one of the most common types of headache and women are more prone to the condition
• Individuals working in high-stress environments are also more susceptible to Tension Headaches. But, the exact cause of the condition is unknown. The general consensus is that there appears to be an increased pain sensitivity in individuals prone to stress and anxiety
• Sensations of pressure around the head, a dull ache in the head, ache in the shoulder and neck muscles, etc. are some of the symptoms of a Tension Headache. Generally, a healthcare provider may be able to diagnose the condition on the basis of an individual’s medical history. In some cases, imaging studies may be required to diagnose conclusively
• Treatment options include over-the-counter medications, massage, and rest, as well as addressing the underlying cause of the headache (such as depression, anxiety, or stress). The prognosis of Tension Headache is generally good, as long as the causative factor is identified and rectified

Who gets Tension Headache? (Age and Sex Distribution)

• Individuals who work or stay in stressful environments are more likely to have Tension Headaches. Generally, middle aged individuals are affected more by this condition
• Although Tension Headaches are common in both genders, women are reportedly more susceptible to it than men
• This condition is observed worldwide and there is no particular preference to any racial or ethnic group

What are the Risk Factors for Tension Headache? (Predisposing Factors)

The following are risk factors that may predispose an individual to Tension Headache:

• Women are at an increased risk than men
• Age around 40 years (though, it does not indicate that the condition is limited to this particular age)
• Being depressed, constantly worried or upset
• Any stressful life situations can trigger Tension Headaches

It is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition. A risk factor increases ones chances of getting a condition compared to an individual without the risk factors. Some risk factors are more important than others.

Also, not having a risk factor does not mean that an individual will not get the condition. It is always important to discuss the effect of risk factors with your healthcare provider.

What are the Causes of Tension Headache? (Etiology)

The exact cause of Tension Headache is unknown.

• However, it is believed that emotional distress, feeling depressed or worried are factors that can lead to the development of this condition
• It has also been researched that pressure exerted along the jaws as a result of stress-induced clenching could cause strain on the muscle, and eventually lead to a Tension Headache
• Tension Headache could also potentially occur from the use of incorrect eyewear

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Tension Headache?

The signs and symptoms of Tension Headache may include:

• Bilateral pain in the head; "band-like" sharp, throbbing pain
• A feeling of pressure around the head
• Severe pain usually during the day; in some, the headaches may last anywhere between hours to days
• Sleep disturbances
• Loss of appetite
• Some individuals may have headaches that increase or decrease in frequency with time

How is Tension Headache Diagnosed?

• The diagnosis for Tension Headache is based on the individual’s history and physical examination
• The manner in which the individual describes the pain is an indicator; which along with the physician’s examination of the head and neck area will help diagnose the condition
• Imaging tests, such as x-ray, CT scan of head and neck, and MRI of brain, may be recommended to assess and evaluate the structure and function of the head

Many clinical conditions may have similar signs and symptoms. Your healthcare provider may perform additional tests to rule out other clinical conditions to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.

What are the possible Complications of Tension Headache?

The complications associated with Tension Headache may include:

• Adverse impact on one’s daily activity; reduced desire to do any task
• Isolation from social activities
• Loss of motivation to go to work
• Lack of focus and concentration can affect one’s work or school performance

How is Tension Headache Treated?

Tension Headaches may be treated using several methods, including:

• The use of heat compression along the head region (by applying a heated towel along the neck and forehead), to alleviate some of the stress the individual is experiencing
• Head massage
• Rest
• Medication to relieve the headache
• Therapies, to overcome the stress that is causing the headache, which may include acupuncture, meditation, and biofeedback therapies
• Anti-depressants and muscle relaxants could be prescribed for depression and anxiety disorders, if they are the underlying causes for Tension Headaches

How can Tension Headache be Prevented?

Tension Headache can be prevented by engaging in regular physical activity.

• Relaxation therapy, such as meditation, can help alleviate some of the stress and prevent the progression of this condition
• Therapies to help reduce stress and guidance on how to deal with situations without feeling overwhelmed, is useful in avoiding Tension Headaches
• In some cases, medication may be administered to enable the individual to rest, which might relax the muscles and prevent Tension Headaches from developing
• Bringing about lifestyle changes,, such as getting sufficient sleep, avoiding the use of cigarettes, undertaking regular physical activities, and making better food choices could potentially decrease the chances of Tension Headaches

What is the Prognosis of Tension Headache? (Outcomes/Resolutions)

The prognosis of Tension Headache is generally good, if the underlying cause for the condition is identified and treated.

Additional and Relevant Useful Information for Tension Headache:

Individuals diagnosed with Tension Headaches should seek immediate medical attention, if the headache is significantly severe than usual.