What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

• Cystic Sebaceous Neoplasm in MTS
• Cystic Sebaceous Neoplasm in Muir-Torre Syndrome

What is Cystic Sebaceous Tumor? (Definition/Background Information)

• Cystic Sebaceous Tumor is a benign tumor of the sebaceous gland occurring on the skin, which is almost exclusively associated with Muir-Torre syndrome (a rare, genetic condition causing cancers at various body parts)
• These tumors are slow-growing and occur in the 4th decade of one’s life. It affects males more than females. The upper trunk region is the common location where this tumor is observed
• The cause of Cystic Sebaceous Tumor is due to its association with the genetic disorder Muir-Torre syndrome
• The treatment of choice for Cystic Sebaceous Tumor skin tumor is complete surgical excision and removal of the tumor. The prognosis is dependent upon the severity of the underlying condition

Who gets Cystic Sebaceous Tumor? (Age and Sex Distribution)

• Cystic Sebaceous Tumor is a rare type of skin tumor that is mostly seen in adults, in the 30-40 years age range. However, the condition may affect individuals of any age
• Both genders are affected, but there is a male predominance and Cystic Sebaceous Tumors are more common in males than females
• All racial and ethnic groups are at equal risk and the condition is observed worldwide

What are the Risk Factors for Cystic Sebaceous Tumor? (Predisposing Factors)

The risk factors for Cystic Sebaceous Tumor include:

• Individuals with Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS) have a very high risk of the condition
• A family history of Cystic Sebaceous Tumor

It is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition. A risk factor increases ones chances of getting a condition compared to an individual without the risk factors. Some risk factors are more important than others.

Also, not having a risk factor does not mean that an individual will not get the condition. It is always important to discuss the effect of risk factors with your healthcare provider.

What are the Causes of Cystic Sebaceous Tumor? (Etiology)

• Cystic Sebaceous Tumor is benign tumor that develops when the oil glands (sebaceous glands) of the skin are mildly defective
• Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS) is strongly related to Cystic Sebaceous Tumor and is considered causative. MTS is a genetic disorder that is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner

Autosomal dominant: Autosomal dominant conditions are traits or disorders that are present when only one copy of the mutation is inherited on a non-sex chromosome. In these types of conditions, the individual has one normal copy and one mutant copy of the gene. The abnormal gene dominates, masking the effects of the correctly functioning gene. If an individual has an autosomal dominant condition, the chance of passing the abnormal gene on to their offspring is 50%. Children, who do not inherit the abnormal gene, will not develop the condition or pass it on to their offspring.

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Cystic Sebaceous Tumor?

The signs and symptoms of Cystic Sebaceous Tumor may include:

• They usually occur as a single tumor on skin at various locations of the upper trunk, such as the chest, shoulders, back, and neck region. However, they may also be many in number occasionally
• They are present as a painless mass on the skin that grows slowly
• The signs and symptoms associated with Muir-Torre syndrome may be additionally noted

How is Cystic Sebaceous Tumor Diagnosed?

Cystic Sebaceous Tumor may be diagnosed using the following tools:

• Physical exam and evaluation of medical history
• Examination of the skin by a dermatologist using a special magnified lens (dermoscopy)
• Skin biopsy: A biopsy is performed and sent to a laboratory for a pathological examination. The pathologist examines the biopsy under a microscope. After putting together clinical findings, special studies on tissues (if needed) and with microscope findings, the pathologist arrives at a definitive diagnosis
• Other investigative tests and procedures to diagnose Muir-Torre syndrome, as needed

Many clinical conditions may have similar signs and symptoms. Your healthcare provider may perform additional tests to rule out other clinical conditions to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.

What are the possible Complications of Cystic Sebaceous Tumor?

There may not be any significant complications developing from Cystic Sebaceous Tumor. However, since it is associated with Muir-Torre syndrome, several adverse health issues may be noted.

How is Cystic Sebaceous Tumor Treated?

The treatment of Cystic Sebaceous Tumor may include the following:

• A complete surgical excision of the tumor is the treatment of choice. The tumor does not recur on complete excision/removal
• Treatment of the underlying Muir-Torre syndrome and the required vigilance for internal and cutaneous malignancies
• Post-operative care is important to ensure the surgical wound heals well
• Follow-up care with regular screening and check-ups are important and highly recommended

How can Cystic Sebaceous Tumor be Prevented?

Currently, there are no definitive methods available to prevent the occurrence of Cystic Sebaceous Tumor and Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS).

• However, if this tumor is detected, one should examine for other features of MTS including cancers of the colon, small intestine, endometrium (uterus), skin, and urinary bladder
• Genetic testing of the expecting parents (and related family members) and prenatal diagnosis (molecular testing of the fetus during pregnancy) may help in understanding the risks better during pregnancy
• If there is a family history of the condition, then genetic counseling will help assess risks, before planning for a child

What is the Prognosis of Cystic Sebaceous Tumor? (Outcomes/Resolutions)

• The prognosis of Cystic Sebaceous Tumor is good with appropriate treatment of the condition
• However, since the tumor is associated with Muir-Torre syndrome, the overall prognosis depends upon the severity of this genetic disorder. It is important to note that MTS is associated with skin cancer,  colon cancer, endometrial cancer, and urinary bladder cancer among others

Additional and Relevant Useful Information for Cystic Sebaceous Tumor:

The following DoveMed website link is a useful resource for additional information:

https://www.dovemed.com/diseases-conditions/cancer/