What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

• Cutaneous Cylindrospiradenoma
• Dermal Cylindroma
• Spiradenocylindroma of Skin

What is Cylindroma of Skin? (Definition/Background Information)

• Cylindroma of Skin is a benign tumor of skin, which occurs as papules or nodules. It is a slow-growing and usually solitary tumor that is generally painless
• It is seen in middle-aged and older adults, and is typically present in the head and neck region. There seems to be a strong preference for women
• The cause of Cylindroma of Skin is largely unknown. Nevertheless, some have been associated with Brooke-Spiegler syndrome (BSS), a rare genetic disorder that is linked to many cutaneous tumors
• Cutaneous Cylindroma typically does not present any major signs and symptoms. When necessary, a simple surgical excision of the tumor can be curative
• The prognosis for Cylindroma of Skin is excellent with suitable treatment. However, in rare cases, some cylindromas are known to transform into malignant lesions

Who gets Cylindroma of Skin? (Age and Sex Distribution)

• Cylindroma of Skin is an uncommon condition that is present during adulthood; middle-aged and elderly adults are at risk
• Both males and females may be affected in equal frequency. However, some studies show a high preference for females (male to female ratio varies between 1:6 to 1:9)
• Individuals of all racial and ethnic background may be affected. Worldwide, no geographical localization of Cylindroma of Skin has been reported

What are the Risk Factors for Cylindroma of Skin? (Predisposing Factors)

In a majority of cases, no risk factors are present for Cylindroma of Skin. Rarely, the following conditions have been associated with the tumor:

• Brooke-Spiegler syndrome: A genetic disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, which gives rise to a variety of benign and malignant tumors
• Nevus sebaceus: A skin condition that occurs as a congenital malformation

It is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition. A risk factor increases ones chances of getting a condition compared to an individual without the risk factors. Some risk factors are more important than others.

Also, not having a risk factor does not mean that an individual will not get the condition. It is always important to discuss the effect of risk factors with your healthcare provider.

What are the Causes of Cylindroma of Skin? (Etiology)

• The cause of development of Cylindroma of Skin is presently unknown. It may be due to genetic mutations
• Research is currently being undertaken to identify the relevant causal factors

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Cylindroma of Skin?

The signs and symptoms of Cylindroma of Skin include:

• It usually occurs as a single nodule on skin; rarely, multiple tumors are known to occur
• It is a slow-growing papule or nodule that can range in size from 1-15 cm; some can grow to fairly large sizes
• When large tumor occurs on the scalp, the condition is called ‘Turban Tumor’ due to their characteristic appearance
• The tumor is usually painless and non-itchy
• Some tumors can be pigmented
• They are commonly observed on the head and neck region, especially near the ears

How is Cylindroma of Skin Diagnosed?

A diagnosis of Cylindroma of Skin may involve the following:

• A thorough medical history and physical examination
• Dermoscopy: It is a diagnostic tool where a dermatologist examines the skin using a special magnified lens
• Wood’s lamp examination: In this procedure, the healthcare provider examines the skin using ultraviolet light. It is performed to examine the change in skin pigmentation
• Skin biopsy: A skin biopsy is performed and sent to a laboratory for a pathological examination. The pathologist examines the biopsy under a microscope. After putting together clinical findings, special studies on tissues (if needed) and with microscope findings, the pathologist arrives at a definitive diagnosis

Many clinical conditions may have similar signs and symptoms. Your healthcare provider may perform additional tests to rule out other clinical conditions to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.

What are the possible Complications of Cylindroma of Skin?

Cylindroma of Skin is a rare skin tumor and it may cause the following complications:

• The tumors can ulcerate and bleed, which can cause secondary bacterial or fungal infections to develop (superimposed infections)
• Some individuals may have concerns regarding their cosmetic appearance
• In rare cases, some papules/nodules are known to transform into cancerous tumors

How is Cylindroma of Skin Treated?

The treatment of Cylindroma of Skin may involve the following:

• A complete surgical excision can result in a cure. The tumor is usually completely removed, since there is a rare chance that some may turn into malignant tumors
• Treatment of underlying disorder, if any
• Follow-up care with regular screening and check-ups are important and encouraged

How can Cylindroma of Skin be Prevented?

Currently, there are no known methods to prevent Cylindroma of Skin occurrence.

What is the Prognosis of Cylindroma of Skin? (Outcomes/Resolutions)

• The prognosis for Cylindroma of Skin is excellent with appropriate treatment, since it is a benign tumor
• If any malignant transformation is noticed, the tumor is removed early to prevent adverse health outcomes. The prognosis is excellent with prompt diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors
• The prognosis is also based upon the underlying Brooke-Spiegler syndrome (if present) and its severity

Additional and Relevant Useful Information for Cylindroma of Skin:

• There is no evidence to prove that oily foods and chocolate-based products have an influence on Cylindroma of Skin formation
• Cleaning the skin too hard with strong chemicals or soaps may aggravate the skin condition. Care must be taken avoid strong soaps and chemicals that could potentially worsen the condition
• The presence of dirt on the body is not a causative factor for the condition. However, it helps to be clean and hygienic, which may help the condition from getting worse