What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

• Placental Mosaicism

What is Confined Placental Mosaicism? (Definition/Background Information)

• Confined Placental Mosaicism is a condition characterized by the discrepancy between the chromosomal/genetic makeup of the baby and placenta. Genetic and chromosomal makeup of the placenta and fetus are almost always the same, because they both develop from the same zygote (egg)
• This condition is estimated to occur in about 1 in 50-100 pregnancies, due to some problems during cell division in the placenta. There are no specific signs and symptoms associated with Confined Placental Mosaicism
• A diagnosis of the condition is made by chorion villous sampling. However, there is no specific treatment for Confined Placental Mosaicism. The prognosis is good with no fetal and maternal complications in a majority of the cases

The placenta is an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall.

• It is a disc shaped reddish brown structure that connects the fetus to the mother through the umbilical cord
• The umbilical cord contains two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein, providing a connection between maternal and fetal blood circulation
• The normal function of placenta is to supply nutrients and oxygen to the fetus from the mother’s blood and remove wastes from the fetal body
• The chorion and amnion are placental membranes. The chorion is the membrane that is present between the growing fetus and the mother. The amnion closely covers and protects the developing embryo

Who gets Confined Placental Mosaicism? (Age and Sex Distribution)

• Confined Placental Mosaicism can occur in pregnant women of all ages
• The incidence of the condition is about 1-2% of all pregnancies
• There is no racial, ethnic, or geographical predilection

What are the Risk Factors for Confined Placental Mosaicism? (Predisposing Factors)

• Currently, no risk factors have been identified for Confined Placental Mosaicism
• Research is being performed to identify the relevant risk factors

It is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition. A risk factor increases ones chances of getting a condition compared to an individual without the risk factors. Some risk factors are more important than others.
Also, not having a risk factor does not mean that an individual will not get the condition. It is always important to discuss the effect of risk factors with your healthcare provider.

What are the Causes of Confined Placental Mosaicism? (Etiology)

Confined Placental Mosaicism may occur due to certain problems arising during cell division in the placenta.

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Confined Placental Mosaicism?

Presently, no specific signs and symptoms are observed to be associated with Confined Placental Mosaicism.

How is Confined Placental Mosaicism Diagnosed?

The diagnosis of Confined Placental Mosaicism may include:

• A thorough physical examination, correlated with a complete medical history (including family and social history)
• Chorion villous sampling: This test is done at the 10-12th week of pregnancy and can help detect chromosomal and genetic defects in the placenta and fetus

Many clinical conditions may have similar signs and symptoms. Your healthcare provider may perform additional tests to rule out other clinical conditions to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.

What are the possible Complications of Confined Placental Mosaicism?

Complications due to Confined Placental Mosaicism could include:

• Increased risk of pregnancy loss
• Problems with normal growth and development of the fetus

How is Confined Placental Mosaicism Treated?

• Currently, there is no specific treatment for Confined Placental Mosaicism
• Women diagnosed with this condtion need frequent antenatal visits to the doctor to ensure that the pregnancy is going smoothly (normal growth and development of the fetus)

How can Confined Placental Mosaicism be Prevented?

Currently, there are no definitive methods available to prevent Confined Placental Mosaicism.

What is the Prognosis of Confined Placental Mosaicism? (Outcomes/Resolutions)

• The prognosis of Confined Placental Mosaicism is good
• In a majority of the cases, all pregnancies continue to full term with normal growth and development of the baby

Additional and Relevant Useful Information for Confined Placental Mosaicism:

The following DoveMed website link is a useful resource for additional information:

https://www.dovemed.com/diseases-conditions/pregnancy-related-disorders/