What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

• Cannabis Abuse
• Marijuana Abuse
• Marijuana Dependence

What is Cannabis Dependence? (Definition/Background Information)

• Cannabis Dependence occurs when an individual craves to use the substance ‘marijuana’ to feel comfortable or “normal”. The substance is typically smoked to feel the desired effects. The condition is also termed as Marijuana Dependence
• Cannabis is a hemp plant that is used to obtain the psychoactive substance marijuana, which is used to make many (prescriptive) medications
• Marijuana is an illicit drug when used without prescription, for recreational purposes. It is produced from the leaves, stem, and flowers of the Cannabis sativa plant
• When more marijuana is needed to feel the effects of the drug, dependence has likely occurred. Cannabis Dependence is seen in about 1 out of 10 users and commonly males have a higher propensity to become dependent
• The signs and symptoms of Cannabis Dependence are typically seen when use of the drug has been stopped. It includes craving for the drug, anxiety, irritability, and paranoia. The complications associated with the condition may include legal troubles, loss of employment, memory problems, and social interaction difficulties
• There is no specific medication for the treatment of Cannabis Dependence; the affected individuals are generally helped with psychotherapy. The substance abuse can be overcome through proper support and a commitment to quit with strong willpower

Who gets Cannabis Dependence? (Age and Sex Distribution)

Cannabis Dependence will occur in about 10% of the users. The condition is more likely to occur in:

• Males
• Younger users
• Habitual cannabis users

It is a worldwide phenomenon; there is no geographical, racial, or ethnic predilection.

What are the Risk Factors for Cannabis Dependence? (Predisposing Factors)

Risk factors associated with Cannabis Dependence include:

• Initial use at a young age
• Habitual use of cannabis or other similar drugs
• Males show a higher tendency to become dependent on the substance (rather than females)

It is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition. A risk factor increases ones chances of getting a condition compared to an individual without the risk factors. Some risk factors are more important than others.

Also, not having a risk factor does not mean that an individual will not get the condition. It is always important to discuss the effect of risk factors with your healthcare provider.

What are the Causes of Cannabis Dependence? (Etiology)

• Cannabis use on a daily basis, in large quantities, is the beginning of dependence
• Stress can cause cannabis use and perpetuate the user to form a habit in the hope of “escaping from reality”
• Those with mental health conditions may use cannabis more frequently to diminish the effects of certain symptoms in order to feel better or comfortable; this eventually may result in Cannabis Dependence
• Other factors that may cause cannabis/marijuana use include:
  • Environment where such recreational drugs are prevalent
  • Low self-esteem
  • Feelings of neglect by family members and friends
  • Loneliness and depression        

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Cannabis Dependence?

Signs and symptoms associated with Cannabis Dependence are typically seen after usage of the substance has been stopped. These are called withdrawal symptoms and may include:

• Disturbed sleep
• Intense or strange dreams
• Extreme craving
• Decreased appetite
• Anxiety
• Irritability
• Paranoia

How is Cannabis Dependence Diagnosed?

The diagnosis of Cannabis Dependence may include the following steps:

• A physician diagnoses cannabis/marijuana abuse after a thorough physical evaluation and medical history review
• The diagnostic criteria for substance abuse states that the abuse must lead to significant impairment, backed by certain experiences, within a year. 3 or more of the following criteria must be met to be termed Cannabis Dependence:
  • Persistent cannabis use despite being aware of the adverse effects
  • Family, school, and/or work relationships are negatively impacted
  • Drug tolerance has  developed; a higher dose is required to produce similar effects
  • Investing a large amount of time to acquire and use cannabis
  • Withdrawal symptoms are experienced when cannabis use is stopped
  • Eliminating or disregarding important activities/responsibilities to use cannabis

Many clinical conditions may have similar signs and symptoms. Your healthcare provider may perform additional tests to rule out other clinical conditions to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.

What are the possible Complications of Cannabis Dependence?

Complications associated with long-term Cannabis Use and Dependence includes:

• Short-term memory loss
• Mental health problems
• Desire to use more drug
• Respiratory damage
• Employment difficulties
• Loss of meaningful relationships, frequently involved in violent behavior
• Any substance abuse in pregnant women can cause severe harm to the growing fetus
• Injuries and accidents (such as from driving under influence)

Individuals who use cannabis/marijuana for recreational purposes also face the risk of criminal charges.

How is Cannabis Dependence Treated?

There is no specific medication to treat Cannabis Dependence. The treatment plan to help the affected individuals include:

• Cognitive behavioral therapy (a form of psychotherapy)
• Motivational enhancement therapy
• Family therapy
• Group counseling or self-help groups: Getting help and support from others who share the same problem

How can Cannabis Dependence be Prevented?

Cannabis Dependence can be 100% prevented by abstaining from cannabis/marijuana use. Also, the following measures are beneficial in preventing a relapse:

• Surround yourself with friends and family members who can understand and support you; this can help avoid relapses
• Always keep follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider

What is the Prognosis of Cannabis Dependence? (Outcomes/Resolutions)

• Cannabis Dependence can be overcome with the proper support and a personal commitment to quit
• Statistically, only about 50% of the cannabis dependent individuals will completely quit marijuana use; most individuals resume use within a year
• Recovery from drug abuse may take a long period of time; even if treatment measures are initially unsuccessful, they can yield positive outcomes with determined efforts of all involved

Additional and Relevant Useful Information for Cannabis Dependence:

Marijuana is the most commonly abused illegal drug in the United States. Marijuana smoke has a distinctive sweet and sour odor.