Amnion Nodosum of Placenta

Amnion Nodosum of Placenta

Article
Women's Health
Diseases & Conditions
+1
Contributed byKashif M.Mohiuddin, MD, FRCPath+1 moreJun 29, 2020

What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)

  • Placenta - Amnion Nodosum

What is Amnion Nodosum of Placenta? (Definition/Background Information)

  • Amnion Nodosum of Placenta are nodules of amorphous material present on the amnionitis membrane (on the fetal side)
  • The placenta is an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall. It is a disc shaped reddish brown structure that connects the fetus to the mother through the umbilical cord. The umbilical cord contains two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein
  • The normal function of placenta is to supply nutrients and oxygen to the fetus from the mother’s blood and remove wastes from the fetal body
  • The chorion and amnion are placental membranes. The chorion is the membrane that is present between the growing fetus and the mother. The amnion closely covers and protects the developing embryo
  • Amnion Nodosum of Placenta may present with deficiency of amniotic fluid and cause stillbirths or other severe complications in some cases
  • There is no definitive treatment available for Amnion Nodosum of Placenta and the prognosis remains typically poor

Who gets Amnion Nodosum of Placenta? (Age and Sex Distribution)

  • Amnion Nodosum of Placenta can occur in pregnant women of all ages
  • There is no racial, ethnic, or geographical predilection observed

What are the Risk Factors for Amnion Nodosum of Placenta? (Predisposing Factors)

  • Currently, no risk factors have been identified for Amniotic Nodosum of Placenta
  • Any condition that can lead to oligohydramnios may present an increased risk for amnion nodosum
  • Research is being performed to identify the relevant risk factors

It is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition. A risk factor increases one's chances of getting a condition compared to an individual without the risk factors. Some risk factors are more important than others.

Also, not having a risk factor does not mean that an individual will not get the condition. It is always important to discuss the effect of risk factors with your healthcare provider.

What are the Causes of Amnion Nodosum of Placenta? (Etiology)

  • Prolonged oligohydramnios (lack of amniotic fluid) is considered as a causative factor of Amnion Nodosum of Placenta
  • Research is currently being performed to identify the relevant causative factors

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Amnion Nodosum of Placenta?

The signs and symptoms of Amnion Nodosum of Placenta include:

  • Oligohydramnios: Deficiency of amniotic fluid (that is present in the amniotic sac to protect the fetus)
  • Oligohydramnios is considered as being causative of Amnion Nodosum of Placenta; thus, we can expect amnion nodosum in a fetus with oligohydramnios, when it occurs early in fetal life

How is Amnion Nodosum of Placenta Diagnosed?

The diagnosis of Amniotic Nodosum of Placenta may include:

  • Physical examination along with an evaluation of one’s medical history
  • Abdominal ultrasonography
  • Placental examination by a pathologist: Portions of the placenta are examined by a pathologist under the microscope to arrive at a definitive diagnosis

Many clinical conditions may have similar signs and symptoms. Your healthcare provider may perform additional tests to rule out other clinical conditions to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.

What are the possible Complications of Amnion Nodosum of Placenta?

Complications due to Amnion Nodosum of Placenta may include:

  • Pulmonary hypoplasia: Incomplete development of fetal lungs
  • Stillbirths

How is Amnion Nodosum of Placenta Treated?

  • There is no specific treatment of Amnion Nodosum of Placenta
  • Treatment is directed towards managing the fetal complications associated with this condition

How can Amnion Nodosum of Placenta be Prevented?

Currently, there are no definitive methods available to prevent Amnion Nodosum of Placenta.

What is the Prognosis of Amnion Nodosum of Placenta? (Outcomes/Resolutions)

  • The prognosis of Amnion Nodosum of Placenta is poor
  • The condition is associated with a high risk of fetal mortality (death)

Additional and Relevant Useful Information for Amnion Nodosum of Placenta:

The following DoveMed website link is a useful resource for additional information:

https://www.dovemed.com/diseases-conditions/pregnancy-related-disorders/

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On the Article

Krish Tangella MD, MBA picture
Approved by

Krish Tangella MD, MBA

Pathology, Medical Editorial Board, DoveMed Team
Kashif M.Mohiuddin, MD, FRCPath picture
Reviewed by

Kashif M.Mohiuddin, MD, FRCPath

Pathology, Medical Editorial Board

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